Nagios的安装与使用方法是什么

Nagios是一款开源的持续监控工具，用于监控网络、应用程序和服务器，它可以帮助管理员发现并解决在基础架构中出现的问题，从而确保关键任务的正常运行，本文将详细介绍Nagios的安装与使用方法。

安装Nagios前的准备工作

1、确保系统已安装以下软件：

Apache HTTP服务器(可选，但推荐)

PHP(可选，用于生成Web界面)

MySQL或PostgreSQL数据库(用于存储配置数据和监控数据)

2、安装依赖库和工具：

在Debian/Ubuntu系统上，使用以下命令安装：

```

sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-php php-mysql libmysqlclient-dev

```

在CentOS/RHEL系统上，使用以下命令安装：

```

sudo yum install httpd mod_php mariadb-devel

```

3、下载Nagios源码包：

访问Nagios官方网站(https://www.nagios.org/download/)下载最新版本的源码包，或者使用以下命令直接下载：

```

wget https://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/nagios/ nagios-版本号.tar.gz

```

4、解压源码包：

```

tar xzf nagios-版本号.tar.gz

```

安装Nagios

1、进入解压后的目录：

```

cd nagios-版本号/

```

2、编译并安装Nagios:

```

sudo make all install

```

3、将Nagios添加到系统服务：

```

sudo nano /etc/init.d/nagios

```

在打开的文件中，找到以下内容：

```

Start the service at boot time (optional):

RUNAS="root"

DAEMON=/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios

DISPLAY=":0"

NAGIOS_USER="nagios"

NAGIOS_GROUP="nagios"

NAGIOS_ARGS="-v"

NAGIOS_PIDFILE=/var/run/nagios.pid

NAGIOS_LOGFILE=/var/log/nagios.log

NAGIOS_CONFDIR=/usr/local/nagios/etc

NAGIOS_VARDIR=/usr/local/nagios/var

NAGIOS_STATEDIR=/var/cache/nagios

NAGIOS_BINDIR=/usr/local/nagios/bin

NAGIOS_DATADIR=/usr/local/nagios/data

ENABLED_SERVICES="all"

EXCLUDE_HOSTS="localhost"

EXCLUDE_SERVICES=""

RECURSIVE_DEPENDENCIES="yes"

TIMEOUT="180"

QUALITY_GRACE_PERIOD="5"

THRESHOLD_FOR_ALERT="3"

THRESHOLD_FOR_WARNING="5"

THRESHOLD_FOR_CRITICAL="999"

ALERT_WAIT_BEFORE_SIGKILL="30"

ALERT_WAIT_AFTER_SIGKILL="60"

OK_TO_USE_LOCALHOST="yes"

OK_TO_IGNORE_HOSTNAME="no"

OK_TO_FALLBACK="yes"

PRIORITIZE_CHECKS="yes"

SETUP_FOREGROUND="no"

SETUP_USERID="nagios"

SETUP_GROUPID="nagios"

SETUP_HOME="/opt/nagios"

SETUP_ARGS=""

REMOVE_SERVICES="" "

End of file. Don't edit! If you want to add any options or arguments,

please see the documentation for the initscript(5).

```

将其中的 DISPLAY=":0"、NAGIOS_USER="nagios"、NAGIOS_GROUP="nagios"、NAGIOS_CONFDIR=/usr/local/nagios/etc、NAGIOS_VARDIR=/usr/local/nagios/var、NAGIOS_STATEDIR=/var/cache/nagios、NAGIOS_BINDIR=/usr/local/nagios/bin、NAGIOS_DATADIR=/usr/local/nagios/data、ENABLED_SERVICES="all"、EXCLUDE_HOSTS="localhost"、EXCLUDE_SERVICES=""、RECURSIVE_DEPENDENCIES="yes"、TIMEOUT="180"、QUALITY_GRACE_PERIOD="5"、THRESHOLD_FOR_ALERT="3"、THRESHOLD_FOR_WARNING="5"、THRESHOLD_FOR_CRITICAL="999"、ALERT_WAIT_BEFORE_SIGKILL="30"、ALERT_WAIT_AFTER_SIGKILL="60"、OK_TO_USE_LOCALHOST="yes"、OK_TO_IGNORE_HOSTNAME="no"、OK_TO_FALLBACK="yes"、PRIORITIZE_CHECKS="yes"、以及 SETUP_* 这些选项删除，然后保存并退出。

4、为Nagios创建一个systemd服务文件：

```

sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/nagios.service

```

在打开的文件中，添加以下内容：

```

[Unit]

Description=The Nagios Monitoring System in Linux and Unix environments. This is the main configuration file for Nagios. See the documentation for more information on how to configure your installation and use this file as a guide when making your own configuration files. You can also use this file to specify additional command line options that are specific to this instance of Nagios. Please consult the documentation for details on these options. The following example shows a simple configuration file that starts the web server and sets up the initial user account and permissions. To start the service at boot time, run the command "sudo systemctl enable nagios", which places the service in the system startup queue so it will automatically start whenever the system boots up. To stop the service at boot time, run the command "sudo systemctl disable nagios", which removes the service from the startup queue so it will not start automatically when the system boots up. The default userid is "nagios", with a home directory "/opt/nagios", and an appropriate groupid set to match the userid specified above. The default permissions are set to allow read access by all users and write access only by root users. If you wish to change these permissions, you must do so manually after creating the initial user account and setting its password using the command "sudo useradd --create-home nagios --shell '/bin/bash' --groups nagusers --home-dir '/opt/nagios' --password 'yourpassword'", where "yourpassword" is replaced with your desired password. The default configuration includes one host named "localhost", but you may wish to add additional hosts to monitor your network environment or other systems that you wish to monitor. For more information on how to use this file to configure your installation, please consult the documentation for details on each option and their possible values. See below for some examples of how to use this file to configure your installation. When using this file to configure your installation, please keep in mind that you should always save changes before exiting the editor and restarting the service for them to take effect. If you encounter any problems or have questions about how to use this file to configure your installation, please consult the documentation or contact technical support at <http://www.nagiosintellectualcommunity.com>. After saving changes, exit the editor by pressing Control+X then Y then Enter. Press Enter to save changes and exit the editor if prompted, or press X then Enter to discard changes and exit without saving them. Press Enter to confirm that you want to save changes to the new configuration file, or press N then Enter to cancel editing and discard changes without saving them. Press Enter to confirm that you want to save changes to the new configuration file, or press N then Enter to cancel editing and discard changes without saving them. Press