什么是仓库？
在Linux系统中，仓库(Repository)是一个用于存储软件包的地方，它通常包含了一系列软件包及其元数据，如版本号、依赖关系等，用户可以通过访问仓库来获取所需的软件包，或者将自己的软件包上传到仓库以供他人使用，在Linux中，有许多知名的仓库，如Ubuntu的APT仓库、Fedora的DNF仓库等。
如何查看已启用或激活的仓库？
在Linux系统中，有多种方法可以查看已启用或激活的仓库，以下是一些常用的方法：
1、使用cat命令查看/etc/apt/sources.list文件
对于基于Debian的系统(如Ubuntu),可以使用以下命令查看已启用的仓库：
cat /etc/apt/sources.list
对于基于Red Hat的系统(如Fedora),可以使用以下命令查看已启用的仓库：
cat /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo
2、使用dpkg或rpm命令查看已安装的软件包
这两个命令可以分别用于基于Debian和Red Hat的系统，它们会列出已安装的软件包及其来源仓库的信息，对于基于Debian的系统，可以使用以下命令：
dpkg --get-selections | grep -E '^ii' | awk '{print $2}' | tr ':' '
' | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr
对于基于Red Hat的系统，可以使用以下命令：
rpm -qa --whatprovides $(rpm -qa --queryformat '%{NAME}
') | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr
3、使用yum repolist或dnf repolist命令查看已启用的仓库
这两个命令可以分别用于基于Debian和Red Hat的系统，它们会列出已启用的仓库及其状态，对于基于Debian的系统，可以使用以下命令：
yum repolist all
对于基于Red Hat的系统，可以使用以下命令：
dnf repolist all
如何在新系统中添加仓库？
在Linux系统中，添加新的仓库非常简单，只需编辑相应的配置文件(如/etc/apt/sources.list或/etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo),然后添加新的仓库地址即可，以下是一些示例：
1、添加一个新的Debian仓库(以Ubuntu为例):
打开终端并输入以下命令以编辑/etc/apt/sources.list文件：
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
在文件末尾添加以下内容：
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
保存并退出文件，接下来，运行以下命令以更新软件包列表：
sudo apt-get update
2、添加一个新的Red Hat仓库(以Fedora为例):
打开终端并输入以下命令以编辑/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo文件：
sudo vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
在文件末尾添加以下内容：
[base] Base repository from which other packages can be installed on top of it (not a dependency) comment out the next line if you do not want to install extra packages when doing yum updates [base] url=http://mirror.centos.org/centos$releasever/os/$basearch/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 [epel] Extra Packages that comes with EPEL repository The first entry can be commented out if you do not want to install EPEL packages [epel] url=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/\$releasever/$basearch/\$arch enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7 [extras] Extra Packages that comes with EPEL repository The first entry can be commented out if you do not want to install EPEL packages [extras] url=http://mirror.centos.org/centos$releasever/extras/\$basearch/\$arch enabled=0 gpgcheck=0 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 [updates] Additional Packages that comes with updates for base and extras The first entry can be commented out if you do not want to install updates for extras [updates] url=http://mirror.centos.org/centos$releasever/updates/\$basearch/\$arch enabled=0 gpgcheck=0 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 [fastestmirror] Use fastest mirror server You should use this option if you are using UDP traffic instead of TCP [fastestmirror] url=http://mirror.centos.org/centos$releasever/\$basearch/\$arch enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-\$releasever [centosplus] Extra Packages that comes with centosplus repository The first entry can be commented out if you do not want to install centosplus packages [centosplus] url=https://centosplus.org/\$releasever/\$basearch/\$arch enabled=0 gpgcheck=0 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-\$releasever [remi] Extra Packages that comes with remi repository The first entry can be commented out if you do not want to install remi packages [remi] url=http://remirepo.net/\$releasever/\$basearch/\$arch enabled=0 gpgcheck=0 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-\$releasever [testing] Extra Packages that comes with testing repository The first entry can be commented out if you do not want to install testing packages [testing] url=http://people.centos.org/tru/testing/\$releasever/\$basearch/\$arch enabled=0 gpgcheck=0 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-\$releasever [tools] Extra Packages that comes with tools repository The first entry can be commented out if you do not want to install tools packages [tools] url=http://mirror.centos.org/\$releasever/$basearch/\$arch enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-\$releasever [updatesextra] Additional Packages that comes with updates for base and extras The first entry can be commented out if you do not want to install updates for extras [updatesextra] url=http://mirror.centos.org/\$releasever/\$basearch/\$arch enabled=0 gpgcheck=0 gpgkey=file:///etc//
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