kubectl 安装

kubeadm简介

kubeadm是Kubernetes的集群管理工具，它可以帮助用户快速部署一个高可用、可扩展的Kubernetes集群，kubeadm的主要功能包括：初始化主节点、配置网络和安全策略、安装控制平面组件等，本文将详细介绍kubeadm的安装过程。

环境准备

1、硬件要求

安装kubeadm之前，需要确保服务器满足以下硬件要求：

操作系统：Ubuntu 16.04或更高版本

CPU:多核处理器，建议至少2个核心

内存：至少1GB RAM

存储：至少10GB可用空间

网络：具备互联网访问能力

2、软件要求

在安装kubeadm之前，需要确保已安装以下软件：

Docker(17.09或更高版本)

kubelet(1.15或更高版本)

kubeadm(1.15或更高版本)

kubectl(1.15或更高版本)

kubeconfig文件(用于认证)

安装步骤

下面将以Ubuntu 18.04为例，介绍kubeadm的安装过程，请按照以下步骤操作：

1、更新系统软件包列表

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade -y

2、禁用Swap分区

sudo swapoff -a && sudo sed -i '/ swap / s/^//' /etc/fstab

3、安装Docker和kubelet

sudo apt-get install -y docker.io kubelet kubeadm kubectl

4、将kubelet添加到系统服务

sudo systemctl enable kubelet && sudo systemctl start kubelet

5、下载kubeadm和kubelet二进制文件

sudo curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add && 
sudo echo "deb http://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list && 
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y kubeadm kubelet kubectl --allow-unauthenticated --no-install-recommends --force-yes --reinstall || exit $?; 
sudo apt install iptables-persistent netfilter-persistent python3-pip make jq || exit $?; 
sudo pip3 install --upgrade pip || exit $?; 
sudo pip3 install cffi || exit $?; 
sudo pip3 install cryptography || exit $?; 
sudo pip3 install requests || exit $?; 
sudo pip3 install urllib3 || exit $?; 
sudo pip3 install termcolor || exit $?; 
sudo pip3 install colorama || exit $?; 
sudo pip3 install pyOpenSSL || exit $?; 
sudo pip3 install wheel || exit $?; 
sudo pip3 install git+https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind || exit $?; 
sudo pip3 install kind || exit $?; 
sudo pip3 install jsonpath || exit $?; 
sudo pip3 install jupyterlab || exit $?; 
sudo pip3 install jupyterhub || exit $?; 
sudo pip3 install jupyterlab_launcher || exit $?; 
sudo pip3 install notebook || exit $?; 
sudo pip3 install ipykernel || exit $?; 
sudo pip3 install pyzmq || exit $?; 
sudo pip3 install protobuf || exit $?; 
sudo pip3 install prometheus_client || exit $?; 
sudo pip3 install simplejson || exit $?; 
sudo pip3 install six || exit $?; 
sudo pip3 install tornado || exit $?; 
sudo pip3 install termcolor || exit $?; 
sudo pip3 install tabulate || exit $?; 
sudo pip3 install colorama || exit $?; 
sudo pip3 install jupyter_contrib_nbextensions || exit $?; 
sudo pip3 install jupyter_nbextensions_configurator || exit $?; 
sudo pip3 install jupyter_core || exit $?; 
sudo pip3 install jupyterlab_code_prettifiers || exit $?; 
sudo pip3 install jupyterlab_find && sudo pip3 uninstall jupyterlab_find ||
sudo pip3 install jupyterlab_nbextensions && sudo pip3 uninstall jupyterlab_nbextensions ||

6、为kubeconfig文件授权访问权限

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube && sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config && sudochown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config && sudo chmod 600 $HOME/.kube/config && echo 'using apiserver: https://<your-master-ip>:6443' | sudo tee -a $HOME/.kube/config && echo 'context name: admin' | sudo tee -a $HOME/.kube/config && echo 'user: admin' | sudo tee -a $HOME/.kube/config && echo 'password: <your-admin-password>' | sudo tee -a $HOME/.kube/config && echo 'clusters:' | sudo tee -a $HOME/.kube/config && echo '    cluster: <your-cluster-name>' | sudo tee -a $HOME/.kube/config && echo '        certificate-authority: <path to your CA certificate>' | sudo tee -a $HOME/.kube/config && echo '    ' | sudo tee -a $HOME/.kube/config && echo 'users:' | sudo tee -a $HOME/.kube/config && echo '    name: admin' | sudo tee -a $HOME/.kube/config && echo '      user: admin' | sudo tee -a $HOME/.kube/config && echo '      password: <your-admin-password>' | sudo tee -a $HOME/.kube/config && echo 'contexts:' | sudo tee -a $HOME/.kube/config && echo '    ' | sudo tee -a $HOME/.kube/config && echo 'current-context: admin' | sudo tee -a $HOME/.kube/config && echo 'kind: ClusterConfiguration' | sudo tee -a $HOME/.kube/config && echo 'preferences: {}' | sudo tee -a $HOME/.kube/config && echo 'apiVersion: v1' | sudo tee -a $HOME/.kube/config && echo 'clusterCIDR: <your-cluster-cidr>' | sudo tee -a $HOME/.kube/config && echo 'serviceCIDR: <your-service-cidr>' | sudo tee -a $HOME/.kube/config && echo 'networkPluginCIDR: <your-networkplugin-cidr>' | sudo tee -a $HOME/.kube/config && echo 'imageRepository: quay.io
' | sudo tee -a $HOME/.kube/config && echo 'EOF' | sudo tee -a $HOME/.kube/config >&2 && echo 'Kubernetes configuration file has been set up successfully!' >&2 || exit $?; 

7、加入Kubernetes集群并创建管理员用户账户

获取加入集群所需的token和CA证书路径：

TOKEN=$(kubeadm token create --print-join-command) && cat <<EOF > joincmd.sh && chmod +x joincmd.sh && export JOINCMD="$(cat joincmd.sh)" && export JOINUSER="admin" && export JOINPASSWORD="<your-admin-password>" && export JOINTOKEN="$TOKEN" && export JOINCACERT="/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt" && export JOINCLUSTERNAME="<your-cluster-name>" && export JOINAPIVERSION="v1" && export JOINSERVICECIDR="<your-service-cidr>" && export JOINNETWORKPLUGINCIDR="<your-networkplugin-cidr>" && export JOINIMAGEREPOSITORY="quay.io" && export JOINDISTRIBUTION="containerd" >> joincmd.sh && cat joincmd.sh

运行