分布式Ceph存储集群集的详细步骤

分布式Ceph存储集群集的详细步骤

Ceph是一个开源的分布式存储系统，它可以提供高性能、高可靠性和可扩展性的存储服务，在本文中，我们将详细介绍如何搭建一个分布式Ceph存储集群集，以下是详细的步骤：

环境准备

1、硬件需求

为了搭建一个分布式Ceph存储集群集，我们需要至少3台服务器，分别用于部署Ceph Monitor、Ceph OSD(对象存储设备)和Ceph Manager，这些服务器需要满足以下条件：

CPU:至少4核CPU

内存：至少16GB RAM

硬盘：至少1TB SATA或SSD硬盘

网络：千兆以太网接口

2、软件准备

在每台服务器上安装以下软件包：

Ceph Monitor:用于监控集群状态和处理客户端请求

Ceph OSD:用于存储数据对象

Ceph Manager:用于管理集群

Linux操作系统(如CentOS、Ubuntu等)

SSH服务(如OpenSSH)

防火墙(如iptables)

安装Ceph Monitor

1、在一台服务器上安装Ceph Monitor软件包，并创建一个systemd服务文件，我们可以在/etc/systemd/system/ceph-mon.service文件中添加以下内容：

[Unit]
Description=Ceph Monitor daemon (MON)
Documentation=man:ceph-mon(1)
Requires=network-online.target
After=network-online.target
AssertFileIsExecutable=/usr/bin/ceph-mon
Group=ceph.target
Conflicts=ceph-osd.target ceph-mgr.target
UnneededOnFailure=no
LimitNOFILE=65536
Restart=on-abort
[Service]
Type=simple
User=root
ExecStart=/usr/bin/ceph-mon --mkfs --monmap /etc/ceph/ceph.monmap --cluster mds-0 --setuser ceph --setgroup ceph --keyring /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring --config-file /etc/ceph/ceph.conf --log-file /var/log/ceph/ceph-mon.log --dir /var/lib/ceph/mon --base-path /var/lib/ceph/mon/ceph-mon --public network interface --bind client.*:7400 --daemonize --rgw enable_rgw_zones yes --rgw zone a use_rgw_default_priority yes --rgw zone b use_rgw_default_priority yes --rgw zone c use_rgw_default_priority yes --rgw zone d use_rgw_default_priority yes --rgw zone e use_rgw_default_priority yes --rgw zone f use_rgw_default_priority yes --rgw zone g use_rgw_default_priority yes --rgw zone h use_rgw_default_priority yes --rgw zone i use_rgw_default_priority yes --rgw zone j use_rgw_default_priority yes --rgw zone k use_rgw_default_priority yes --rgw zone l use_rgw_default_priority yes --rgw zone m use_rgw_default_priority yes --rgw zone n use_rgw_default_priority yes --rgw zone o use_rgw_default_priority yes --rgw zone p use_rgw_default_priority yes --rgw zone q use_rgw_default_priority yes --rgw zone r use_rgw_default_priority yes --rgw zone s use_rgw_default_priority yes --rgw zone t use_rgw_default_priority yes --rgw zone u use_rgw_default_priority yes --rgw zone v use_rgw_default_priority yes --rgw zone w use_rgw_default_priority yes --rgw zone x use_rgw_default_priority yes --rgw zone y use_rgw_default_priority yes --rgw zone z use_rgo default priority no
ExecStop=/usr/bin/killall -HUP ceph-mon || true
TimeoutStopSec=0
RestartSec=20
Restart=always
Environment="PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

2、将创建的服务文件复制到其他两台服务器上，并修改其中的网络接口名称为实际的网络接口名称，将"client.*"替换为"client0"和"client1",将"network interface"替换为实际的网络接口名称。

3、分别在三台服务器上启动Ceph Monitor服务：

systemctl start ceph-mon@server1.example.com
systemctl start ceph-mon@server2.example.com
systemctl start ceph-mon@server3.example.com

安装Ceph OSD和Ceph Manager

1、在每台服务器上安装Ceph OSD和Ceph Manager软件包，并创建相应的systemd服务文件，我们可以在各自的服务器上创建以下内容的服务文件：

[Unit]
Description=Ceph OSD daemon (OSD) and Ceph Manager service (MGMT) for server1.example.com and server2.example.com and server3.example.com respectively. These services will be started on boot and automatically restart if the process exits unexpectedly. After this unit is started, systemd will monitor it and restart it if necessary, always using the same one of the configured user or group to run the process as root (unless overridden by the environment). The service should be stopped via 'systemctl stop ceph-osd@server1.example.com' or 'systemctl stop ceph-osd@server2.example.com' or 'systemctl stop ceph-osd@server3.example.com' respectively, which will then trigger any associated processes to stop running as well before the service itself is stopped and removed from the system after all processes have exited normally or after a timeout period has expired (whichever occurs first). If this unit is enabled when starting the system, it will also be enabled when other units are started that require it to be running (such as the network interfaces). In this case, it will be stopped automatically when those units are stopped, but can be manually started and stopped as needed with 'systemctl enable ceph-osd@server1.example.com' and 'systemctl enable ceph-osd@server2.example.com' and 'systemctl enable ceph-osd@server3.example.com' respectively, which will cause it to start automatically after next boot unless explicitly disabled via 'systemctl disable ceph-osd@server1.example.com' or 'systemctl disable ceph-osd@server2.example.com' or 'systemctl disable ceph-osd@server3.example.com' respectively (which will prevent it from being automatically started in future boots). When no configuration file is specified for this unit, the default configuration options are used instead; otherwise, a configuration file named <unit name> at path <unit dir> is used instead (if present), with its contents merged into the default options (see man page for details). The log file for this unit is located at <unit dir>/var/log/<unit name>, and the status of this unit is monitored by systemd (see below). Environment variables defined in this unit take precedence over any values set in the environment file used by systemd to start this unit (see man page for details). This unit may be run in an unprivileged state, in which case it must have access to the directories specified by the 'Path' option in order to perform its functions; see Path option for details (refer to man page for more information). Reference: manpages for "ceph osd", "ceph mgnt", "systemctl" and "sysvinit" are available from your distribution vendor (or online); refer to these documents for more detailed information about how these units work and how to configure them (refer to man pages for examples). Reference: manpages for "sysvinit": http://www.linuxdoc.org; "systemctl": http://www.freedesktop.org; "sysvinit": http://www.sysvinit.org; "sysvinit init script": http://www.linuxdoc.org; "sysvinit service definition": http://www.linuxdoc.org; "sysvinit unit definition": http://www.linuxdoc.org; "sysvinit service template": http://www.linuxdoc