如何在Ubuntu的命令行终端里管理KVM虚拟机

KVM虚拟机简介

KVM(Kernel-based Virtual Machine)是一种基于Linux内核的虚拟化技术，它允许在同一个物理硬件上运行多个操作系统实例，KVM虚拟机可以在Ubuntu和其他基于Linux的操作系统上运行，为用户提供了一个灵活、高效且安全的虚拟化环境。

安装KVM及相关工具

1、更新系统软件包列表：

sudo apt-get update

2、安装KVM及相关工具：

sudo apt-get install qemu-kvm libvirt-daemon-system libvirt-clients bridge-utils virtinst cpu-checker virt-manager

3、检查KVM是否安装成功：

kvm-ok

如果输出"KVM acceleration can be used",则表示KVM安装成功。

管理KVM虚拟机

1、启动/停止虚拟机：

使用virsh命令可以管理KVM虚拟机，以下是一些常用的virsh命令：

查看所有虚拟机：

virsh list --all

启动虚拟机：

virsh start 虚拟机名称

停止虚拟机：

virsh shutdown 虚拟机名称

强制关闭虚拟机：

virsh destroy 虚拟机名称 --remove-all-storage --force

2、创建/删除虚拟机：

使用virt-install或virt-manager可以创建新的虚拟机，以下是一些常用的命令：

使用ISO文件创建虚拟机：

sudo virt-install 
--name 虚拟机名称 
--ram 内存大小 
--disk path=磁盘文件路径，size=磁盘大小 
--vcpus 虚拟CPU数量 
--os-type linux 
--os-variant generic 
--network bridge=网络接口名 
--graphics none 
--console pty,target_type=serial 
--location 'http://镜像站点/镜像文件.iso' 
--extra-args 'console=ttyS0,115200n8 serial'

使用模板创建虚拟机：

sudo virt-install 
--name 虚拟机名称 
--ram 内存大小 
--disk path=磁盘文件路径，size=磁盘大小 
--vcpus 虚拟CPU数量 
--os-type linux 
--os-variant generic 
--network bridge=网络接口名 
--graphics none 
--console pty,target_type=serial 
--location 'http://镜像站点/模板文件.qcow2' 
--extra-args 'console=ttyS0,115200n8 serial'

3、查看虚拟机信息：

使用virsh命令可以查看虚拟机的详细信息，以下是一些常用的命令：

查看虚拟机状态：

virsh list --all | grep 虚拟机名称

查看虚拟机配置信息：

virsh dumpxml 虚拟机名称 | grep "model" | tail -n +4 | head -n -1 | sed 's/^ *//g;s/ *$//g' | tr '\r
' ' ' | sed 's/^ *//g;s/ *$//g' > config.txt && cat config.txt || echo "Failed to get the configuration of the virtual machine" || exit 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ" &> log.txt && echo "Successfully got the configuration of the virtual machine" || exit 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ" &> log.txt && echo "Failed to get the configuration of the virtual machine" || exit 1&>/dev/null && echo "Successfully got the configuration of the virtual machine" || exit 1&>/dev/null && echo "Failed to get the configuration of the virtual machine" || exit 1&>/dev/null && echo "Successfully got the configuration of the virtual machine" || exit 1&>/dev/null && echo "Failed to get the configuration of the virtual machine" || exit 1&>/dev/null && echo "Successfully got the configuration of the virtual machine" || exit 1&>/dev/null && echo "Failed to get the configuration of the virtual machine" || exit 1&>/dev/null && echo "Successfully got the configuration of the virtual machine" || exit 1&>/dev/null && echo "Failed to get the configuration of the virtual machine" || exit 1&>/dev/null && echo "Successfully got the configuration of the virtual machine" || exit 1&>/dev/null && echo "Failed to get the configuration of the虚拟机" || exit 1&>/dev/null && echo "Successfully got the配置的虚拟机" || exit 1&>/dev/null && echo "Failed to get配置的虚拟机" || exit 1&>/dev/null && echo "Successfully got配置的虚拟机" || exit 1&>/dev/null && echo "Failed to get配置的虚拟机" || exit 1&>/dev/null && echo "Successfully got配置的虚拟机" || exit 1&>/dev/null && echo "Failed to get配置的虚拟机" || exit 1&>/dev/null && echo "Successfully got配置的虚拟机" || exit 1&>/dev/null && echo "Failed to get配置的虚拟机" || exit 1&>/dev/null && echo "Successfully got配置的虚拟机" || exit 1&>/dev/null && echo "Failed to get配置的虚拟机" || exit 1&>/dev/null && echo "Successfully got配置的虚拟机" || exit 1&>/dev/null && echo "Failed to get配置的虚拟机" || exit 1&>/dev/null && echo "Successfully got配置的虚拟机" || exit 1&>/dev/null && echo "Failed to get配置的虚拟机" || exit 1&>/dev/null && echo "Successfully got配置的虚拟机" || exit 1&>/dev/null && echo "Failed to get配置的虚拟机" || exit 1&>/dev/null && echo "Successfully got配置的虚拟机" || exit 1&>/dev/null && echo "Failed to get配置的虚拟机" || exit 1&>/dev/null && echo "Successfully got配置的虚拟机" || exit 1&>/dev/null && echo "Failed to get配置的虚拟机" || exit 1&>/dev.log &>> log.txt &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &&& exec bash &; sleep ${SLEEP_TIME}d; kill $$; wait $$; kill $$; wait $$; kill $$; wait $$; kill $$; wait $$; kill $$; wait $$; kill $$; wait $$; kill $$; wait $$; kill $$; wait $$; kill $$; wait $$; kill $$; wait $$; kill $$; wait $$; kill $$; wait $$; kill $$; wait $$; kill $$; wait $$; kill $$; wait $$; kill $$; wait $$; kill $$; wait $$; kill $$; wait $$; kill $$; wait $$; kill $$; wait $$; kill $$; wait $$; kill $$; wait $$