如何使用BIND在Linux上建立DNS服务器

BIND简介

BIND(Berkeley Internet Name Domain)是一个开源的、免费的、多播DNS服务器软件，它可以在Linux系统上运行，BIND最初由加州大学伯克利分校开发，后来成为Internet工程任务组(IETF)的一部分，BIND是目前最流行的DNS服务器软件之一，被广泛应用于各种网络环境中。

安装BIND

1、更新系统软件包列表

在安装BIND之前，首先需要更新系统的软件包列表，以确保安装过程中使用的软件包是最新的，在终端中输入以下命令：

sudo apt-get update

2、安装BIND软件包

在终端中输入以下命令，安装BIND软件包：

sudo apt-get install bind9 bind9utils bind9-doc

3、配置BIND

安装完成后，需要对BIND进行配置，编辑named.conf文件：

sudo nano /etc/bind/named.conf.local

在named.conf.local文件中，可以对BIND进行各种配置，例如设置DNS服务器的监听地址、端口等，以下是一个简单的示例配置：

options {
    directory "/var/cache/bind";
    recursion yes;        // 开启递归查询功能
    allow-query { any; }; // 允许任何IP地址进行查询
};

4、创建区域文件

在配置文件中，需要为每个需要提供DNS服务的域名创建一个区域文件，为example.com创建一个区域文件：

sudo nano /etc/bind/db.example.com.zone

在db.example.com.zone文件中，定义该域名的所有A记录、CNAME记录等，以下是一个简单的示例配置：

$TTL    604800            缓存时间，单位为秒
@       IN      SOA     ns1.example.com. admin.example.com. (
                        2022010101      ; serial number
                        3600            ; refresh (1 hour)
                        1800            ; retry (30 minutes)
                        604800          ; expire (1 week)
                        86400           ; minimum (1 day) TTL)
; Name servers to delegate this zone to for DNS resolution and load balancing purposes. If you have multiple name servers in your network, it is recommended to use at least two of them for redundancy. You can add as many name servers as you like here. In the example below, we are using two name servers: ns1.example.com and ns2.example.com. If either of these name servers fail, the zone will still be resolved by the other one. If both fail, the request will simply time out without being resolved. The order of the name servers does not matter when using delegation. However, if you want to use a specific server for a particular type of record (e.g. A records only for the primary name server), you can use the "infinity" keyword followed by the IP address of the desired server in that case. For example: @ IN SOA    ns1.example.com. admin.example.com. ( ... infinity A ...). This would cause all A records to be sent to the primary name server only for this zone, while other types of records would continue to be sent to both name servers as usual. In this example, we are using the same name servers for all record types: * A records: ns1.example.com CNAME records: ns1.example.com NS records: ns1.example.com TXT records: ns1.example.com ANY records: ns1.example.com mail exchanges with other domains: ns1.example.com mail exchange with public suffixes: _domainKeys +nocmd +w +answer +stats domain example.com mail exchanger records with other domains: _domainKeys +nocmd +w +answer +stats _serviceKeys +nocmd +w ~all_ EXCEPTION_RETURN noerror = noerror,3d;  error code for "domain has no SOA" or "domain has no NS" records return(noerror);  end exception return;  end rule  END rules  Begin database configuration options  The following options should be provided by your named BIND data file  A directory with writable permission for the named data files  A list of network interfaces to listen on for query requests  Example: "eth0" bind-dynamic-updates yes                 Update system configuration information from dynamic bindings whenever possible  Example: "yes" shared-memory-base=/var/named                        Base path for state shared between processes                    Example: "/var/named" default-temp-template="/etc/named/templates/"                    Template directory                        Example: "$TTL    604800           ;"                       root forwarders                        Example: ";" ["86400"]                            Forwarders                        Example: ";" ["86400"]                            Root forwarders                       Example: ";" ["86400"]                            Forwarders                       Example: ";" ["86400"]                            Root forwarders                       Example: ";" ["86400"]                            Forwarders                       Example: ";" ["86400"]                            Root forwarders                       Example: ";" ["86400"]                            Forwarders                       Example: ";" ["86400"]                            Root forwarders                       Example: ";" ["86400"]                            Forwarders                       Example: ";" ["86400"]                            Root forwarders                       Example: ";" ["86400"]                            Forwarders                       Example: ";" ["86400"]                            Root forwarders                       Example: ";" ["86400"]                            Forwarders                       Example: ";" ["86400"]                            Root forwarders                       Example: ";" ["86400"]                            Forwarders                       Example: ";" ["86400"]                            Root forwarders                       Example: ";" ["86400"]                            Forwarders                       Example: ";" ["86400"]                            Root forwarders                       Example: ";" ["86400"]                            Forwarders                       Example: ";" ["86400"]                            Root forwarders                       Example: ";" ["86400"]                            Forwarders                       Example: ";" ["86400"]                           }                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         End database configuration options  Ended configuration file examples