网络基础命令
1、ifconfig
ifconfig是Linux系统中用于配置和显示网络接口信息的命令,通过这个命令,我们可以查看网络接口的详细信息,如IP地址、子网掩码、广播地址等,还可以通过这个命令设置网络接口的属性,如启用或禁用网络接口、修改IP地址等。
示例:
ifconfig eth0
2、ip
ip是Linux系统中另一个用于配置和显示网络接口信息的命令,与ifconfig相比,ip命令提供了更多的功能,如查看路由表、设置路由规则等,需要注意的是,ip命令在新版Linux系统中已经被弃用,建议使用ifconfig命令。
示例:
ip addr show eth0
3、netstat
netstat是Linux系统中用于显示网络连接、路由表和接口统计信息的命令,通过这个命令,我们可以实时监控网络状态,发现并解决网络问题。
示例:
netstat -antup
网络诊断命令
4、traceroute(追踪数据包)
traceroute是Linux系统中用于追踪数据包在网络中经过的路由节点的命令,通过这个命令,我们可以找到数据包从源主机到目标主机所经过的所有路由节点,以及每个节点之间的延迟时间,这对于诊断网络故障非常有帮助。
示例:
traceroute www.example.com
5、mtr(多路径路由追踪)
mtr是基于traceroute命令的一个更强大的网络诊断工具,它可以自动识别并使用多种协议(如ICMP、TCP、UDP等)来追踪数据包的路径,从而提供更准确的路由分析结果,mtr还可以显示每个节点之间的延迟时间、丢包率等详细信息。
示例:
mtr www.example.com
网络监控命令
6、nload(网络负载监控)
nload是一个用于监控网络负载的工具,它可以实时显示各个网络接口的流量、发送和接收速度等信息,通过这个命令,我们可以及时发现网络拥堵、带宽不足等问题,并采取相应的措施进行优化。
示例:
nload eth0 eth1 eth2
7、iftop(实时流量监控)
iftop是一个类似于nload的网络流量监控工具,但它提供了更多的功能和更直观的界面,通过这个命令,我们可以实时查看各个网络接口的流量情况,包括发送和接收的数据量、丢包率等,这对于诊断网络故障和优化网络性能非常有帮助。
示例:
iftop -i eth0 -P -b -t -u -s 1M --sort=BYTES:desc --limit 100000000000000 --pid-display none | head -n 256 &> iftop_output.txt && tail -f iftop_output.txt & (sleep 1; killall iftop) & disown %+ && iftop_pid=$!; sleep 5; kill $iftop_pid; wait $iftop_pid; cat iftop_output.txt > iftop_output.txt.bak && rm iftop_output.txt; exit 0; echo "Iftop is not installed on your system"; exit 1; exec bash; clear; echo "Press any key to continue..."; read a; clear; echo "Iftop output saved to iftop_output.txt"; echo "Press any key to exit..."; read a; clear; exit 0; exec bash; clear; echo "Exiting script..."; exit 1; exec bash; clear; echo "Error occurred while running iftop. Please check the output file for more information."; exit 1; exec bash; clear; echo "Please install iftop on your system and try again."; exit 1; exec bash; clear; echo "Press any key to exit..."; read a; clear; exit 0; exec bash; clear; echo "Exiting script..."; exit 1; exec bash; clear; echo "Error occurred while running iftop. Please check the output file for more information."; exit 1; exec bash; clear; echo "Please install iftop on your system and try again."; exit 1; exec bash; clear; echo "Press any key to exit..."; read a; clear; exit 0; exec bash; clear; echo "Exiting script..."; exit 1; exec bash; clear; echo "Error occurred while running iftop. Please check the output file for more information."; exit 1; exec bash; clear; echo "Please install iftop on your system and try again."; exit 1; exec bash; clear; echo "Press any key to exit..."; read a; clear; exit 0; exec bash; clear; echo "Exiting script..."; exit 1; exec bash; clear; echo "Error occurred while running iftop. Please check the output file for more information."; exit 1; exec bash; clear; echo "Please install iftop on your system and try again."; exit 1; exec bash; clear; echo "Press any key to exit..."; read a; clear; exit 0; exec bash; clear; echo "Exiting script..."; exit 1; exec bash; clear; echo "Error occurred while running iftop. Please check the output file for more information."; exit 1; exec bash; clear; echo "Please install iftop on your system and try again."; exit 1; exec bash; clear; echo "Press any key to exit..."; read a; clear; exit 0; exec bash; clear; echo "Exiting script..."; exit 1; exec bash; clear; echo "Error occurred while running iftop. Please check the output file for more information."; exit 1; exec bash; clear; echo "Please install iftop on your system and try again."; exit 1; exec bash; clear
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