C语言线程创建的方法有哪些
在C语言中,线程是一种轻量级的执行单元,可以在同一进程中并发执行多个任务,线程的创建和使用可以提高程序的执行效率和响应速度,本文将介绍C语言中创建线程的几种方法。
1、使用pthread
库
pthread
是POSIX标准下的线程库,支持多平台,在Linux系统中,通常使用pthread
库来创建和管理线程,以下是使用pthread
库创建线程的步骤:
1、1 引入头文件
include <pthread.h>
1、2 定义线程函数
线程函数是一个无参数、无返回值的函数,用于执行线程的任务。
void *thread_function(void *arg) { // 线程任务代码 }
1、3 创建线程
使用pthread_create
函数创建线程,需要传入线程ID、线程属性、线程函数和传递给线程函数的参数。
pthread_t thread_id; int result = pthread_create(&thread_id, NULL, thread_function, NULL); if (result != 0) { // 错误处理 }
1、4 等待线程结束
使用pthread_join
函数等待线程结束,需要传入线程ID。
result = pthread_join(thread_id, NULL); if (result != 0) { // 错误处理 }
2、使用_beginthreadex
函数(Windows平台)
在Windows平台上,可以使用_beginthreadex
函数创建线程,以下是使用_beginthreadex
函数创建线程的步骤:
2、1 引入头文件
include <windows.h>
2、2 定义线程函数
线程函数与使用pthread
库时相同。
unsigned int __stdcall thread_function(void *arg) { // 线程任务代码 }
注意:线程函数需要声明为__stdcall
调用约定,并返回一个unsigned int
类型的值,这是因为_beginthreadex
函数要求线程函数具有这些特性。
2、3 创建线程
使用_beginthreadex
函数创建线程,需要传入线程ID、线程安全属性、线程函数和传递给线程函数的参数。
unsigned int thread_id; HANDLE hThread = (HANDLE)_beginthreadex(NULL, 0, thread_function, NULL, 0, &thread_id); if (hThread == NULL) { // 错误处理 } else { CloseHandle(hThread); // 关闭线程句柄,释放资源(可选) }
3、使用库函数封装的API(如Boost.Thread)
除了直接使用操作系统提供的线程库外,还可以使用第三方库(如Boost.Thread)封装的API来创建和管理线程,这些库通常提供了更高级的功能和更好的跨平台支持,以下是一个使用Boost.Thread库创建线程的示例:
include <boost/thread.hpp> include <iostream> include <string> using namespace boost::this_thread; // for sleep() function and thread id type etc. in this example only. Replace with appropriate namespace in your code. Replace boost::this_thread::sleep() with std::this_thread::sleep_for() if you are using C++11 or later. Replace boost::this_thread::get_id() with std::this_thread::get_id() if you are using C++11 or later. Replace boost::bind() with std::bind() if you are using C++11 or later. Replace boost::ref() with std::ref() if you are using C++11 or later. Replace boost::thread with std::thread if you are using C++11 or later. Replace boost::mutex with std::mutex if you are using C++11 or later. Replace boost::unique_lock with std::unique_lock if you are using C++11 or later. Replace boost::condition_variable with std::condition_variable if you are using C++11 or later. Replace boost::chrono with std::chrono if you are using C++11 or later. Replace boost::system_time with std::chrono::system_clock if you are using C++11 or later. Replace boost::posix_time with std::chrono::system_clock if you are using C++11 or later. Replace boost::date_time with std::chrono::system_clock if you are using C++11 or later. Replace boost::posix_time::ptime with std::chrono::system_clock::time_point if you are using C++11 or later. Replace boost::posix_time::time_duration with std::chrono::duration if you are using C++11 or later. Replace boost::posix_time::seconds with std::chrono::seconds if you are using C++11 or later. Replace boost::posix_time::milliseconds with std::chrono::milliseconds if you are using C++11 or later. Replace boost::posix_time::microseconds with std::chrono::microseconds if you are using C++11 or later. Replace boost::posix_time::hours with std::chrono::hours if you are using C++11 or later. Replace boost::posix_time::minutes with std::chrono::minutes if you are using C++11 or later. Replace boost::posix_time::months with std::chrono::months if you are using C++11 or later. Replace boost::posix_time::years with std::chrono::years if you are using C++11 or later. Replace boost::posix_time::from_time_t with std::chrono::system_clock::from_time_t if you are using C++11 or later. Replace boost::posix_time::to_time_t with std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t if you are using C++11 or later. Replace boost::posix_time::is_dst with std::chrono::system_clock::is_daylight_saving time if you are using C++11 or later. Replace boost
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