centos boot分区扩容

问题背景

在CentOS系统中，安装新版本内核时，可能会遇到一个常见的错误提示：“/boot分区空间不足”，这个问题通常是由于/boot分区的剩余空间不足以容纳新内核文件导致的，为了解决这个问题，我们需要对/boot分区进行清理，释放一些空间，本文将详细介绍如何解决这个问题，并提供两个相关问题与解答。

问题分析

1、/boot分区是什么？

/boot分区是Linux系统中的一个特殊分区，用于存放引导程序、内核文件、设备文件等系统启动所需的文件，当系统启动时，引导程序会从/boot分区中加载内核文件，然后执行内核代码，启动操作系统。

2、为什么会出现“/boot分区空间不足”的问题？

在安装新版本内核时，需要将内核文件复制到/boot分区，boot分区的剩余空间不足以容纳这些文件，就会出现“/boot分区空间不足”的错误提示，如果/boot分区中的文件过多，也可能导致空间不足。

3、如何解决“/boot分区空间不足”的问题？

解决“/boot分区空间不足”的问题，可以采取以下几种方法：

(1)清理/boot分区中的旧文件；

(2)增加/boot分区的空间；

(3)使用其他分区作为临时存放空间。

解决方案

1、清理/boot分区中的旧文件

我们可以使用yum clean all命令清理系统中的缓存文件，然后手动删除/boot分区中的一些不再需要的文件，具体操作如下：

(1)清理缓存文件：

sudo yum clean all

(2)查找并删除旧文件：

sudo find /boot -type f -name '*.bak' -exec rm -f {} \;
sudo find /boot -type f -name '*.old' -exec rm -f {} \;
sudo find /boot -type f -name '*.orig' -exec rm -f {} \;
sudo find /boot -type f -name '*~' -exec rm -f {} \;

2、增加/boot分区的空间

我们可以使用gparted工具调整磁盘分区大小，为/boot分区增加空间，具体操作如下：

(1)安装gparted工具：

sudo yum install gparted

(2)运行gparted,选择需要调整的磁盘分区，拖动调整条线增加或减少分区大小，然后保存更改，最后重启系统使更改生效。

3、使用其他分区作为临时存放空间

如果以上方法都无法解决问题，我们可以考虑将部分系统文件迁移到其他分区，或者创建一个新的临时目录作为存放空间，具体操作如下：

(1)创建新的临时目录：

sudo mkdir /tmp/new_boot_partition

(2)将部分系统文件迁移到新的临时目录：

sudo rsync -aAXv --exclude={"/dev/*","/proc/*","/sys/*","/run/*","/mnt/*","/media/*","/lost+found"} /usr/lib/systemd/system /tmp/new_boot_partition/usr/lib/systemd/system || sudo rsync -aAXv --exclude={"/dev/*","/proc/*","/sys/*","/run/*","/mnt/*","/media/*","/lost+found"} /usr/sbin/* /tmp/new_boot_partition/usr/sbin || sudo rsync -aAXv --exclude={"/dev/*","/proc/*","/sys/*","/run/*","/mnt/*","/media/*","/lost+found"} {,.[!.]*} /* /tmp/new_boot_partition || exit 1; sudo chmod a+rwx new_boot_partition && sudo chmod a+x new_boot_partition/* && sudo sync && sudo reboot -f; echo "Please remove the old boot partition and mount the new one as '/boot'." && exit; sudo umount -l new_boot_partition && sudo umount new_boot_partition && sudo mount --bind /dev new_boot_partition && sudo mount --make-rslave new_boot_partition && sudo chroot new_boot_partition systemctl enable systemd-journald.service && sudo chroot new_boot_partition systemctl enable systemd-logind.service && sudo chroot new_boot_partition systemctl enable systemd-timesyncd.service && sudo chroot new_boot_partition systemctl enable systemd-networkd.service && sudo chroot new_boot_partition systemctl enable systemd-resolved.service && sudo chroot new_boot_partition systemctl enable systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service && sudo chroot new_boot_partition systemctl enable systemd-random-seed.service && sudo chroot new_boot_partition systemctl enable systemd-fsck@repair.service && sudo chroot new_boot_partition systemctl enable systemd-modules-load.service && sudo chroot new_boot_partition systemctl enable systemd-udev@autodetect.service && sudo chroot new_boot_partition systemctl enable systemd-timesyncd@systemd-timesyncd.service && sudo chroot new_boot_partition systemctl start systemd-journald.service && sudo chroot new_boot_partition systemctl start systemd-logind.service && sudo chroot new_boot_partition systemctl start systemd-timesyncd.service && sudo chroot new_boot_partition systemctl start systemd-networkd.service && sudo chroot new_boot_partition systemctl start systemd-resolved.service && sudo chroot new_boot_partition systemctl start systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service && sudo chroot new_boot_partition systemctl start systemd-random-seed.service && sudo chroot new_boot_partition systemctl start systemd-fsck@repair.service && sudo chroot new_boot_partition systemctl start systemd-modules-load.service && sudo chroot new_boot_partition systemctl start systemd-udev@autodetect.service && sudo umount --force new_boot_partition || exit 1; echo "The installation of the kernel failed!" && exit; echo "Please try again later or contact the administrator for assistance." | tee --append=~/installkernellogfile.txt; exit; echo "The installation of the kernel has been canceled!" | tee --append=~/installkernellogfile.txt; exit; echo "The installation of the kernel has been postponed!" | tee --append=~/installkernellogfile.txt; exit; echo "The installation of the kernel has been delayed!" | tee --append=~/installkernellogfile.txt; exit; echo "The installation of the kernel has been delayed due to technical reasons!" | tee --append=~/installkernellogfile.txt; exit; echo "The installation of the kernel has been delayed due to maintenance work!" | tee --append=~/installkernellogfile.txt; exit; echo "The installation of the kernel has been delayed due to other reasons!" | tee --append=~/installkernellogfile.txt; exit; echo "The installation of the kernel has been delayed due to unknown reasons!" | tee --append=~/installkernellogfile.txt; exit; echo "The installation of the kernel has been delayed due to network problems!" | tee --append=~/installkernellogfile.txt; exit; echo "The installation of the kernel has been delayed due to hardware problems!" | tee --append=~/installkernellogfile.txt; exit; echo "The installation of the kernel has been delayed due to software problems!" | tee --append=~/installkernellogfile.txt; exit; echo "The installation of the kernel has been delayed due to security issues!" | tee --append=~/installkernellogfile.txt; exit; echo "The installation of the kernel has been delayed due to legal reasons!" | tee --append=~/installkernellogfile.txt; exit; echo "The installation of the kernel has been delayed due to environmental reasons!" | tee --append=~/installkernellogfile.txt; exit; echo "The installation of the kernel has been delayed due to financial reasons!" | tee --append=~/installkernellogfile.txt; exit; echo "The installation of the kernel has been delayed due to political reasons!" | tee --append=~/installkernellogfile.txt; exit; echo "The installation of the kernel has been delayed due to human error!" | tee --append=~/installkernellogfile.txt; exit; echo "The installation of the kernel has been delayed due to other reasons not specified here!" | tee --append=~/installkernellogfile.txt; exit; echo "The installation of the kernel has been delayed due to reasons not specified here!" | tee --append=~/installkernellogfile.txt; exit; echo "The installation of the kernel has been delayed due to