Oracle Instant Client 是 Oracle 提供的一个免费的工具包,它包含了用于连接 Oracle 数据库的客户端库和驱动程序,通过安装 Instant Client,开发人员可以在自己的计算机上运行 Oracle 数据库应用程序,而无需在本地安装 Oracle 数据库服务器,下面将详细介绍如何下载、安装和使用 Oracle Instant Client。
下载 Oracle Instant Client
1、1 访问 Oracle 官方网站
访问 Oracle 官方网站(https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/instant-client/downloads.html)下载页面,在页面中找到适合您操作系统的 Instant Client 版本,点击下载。
1、2 选择操作系统和版本
在下载页面中,您可以看到不同操作系统下的 Instant Client 版本,选择与您的操作系统相对应的版本,Windows、Linux 或 macOS,您还可以根据需要选择不同的组件,如 Basic、Basic Lightweight、Full 或 Enterprise。
1、3 注册并登录 Oracle 账户
如果您还没有 Oracle 账户,请先注册一个,然后在下载页面中点击“Register”按钮,输入您的 Oracle ID 和密码进行登录,登录成功后,您可以选择下载所需的 Instant Client 版本。
安装 Oracle Instant Client
2、1 解压下载的文件
下载完成后,将压缩包解压到一个合适的目录,C:\instantclient
(Windows)或 /opt/oracle/instantclient
(Linux)。
2、2 配置环境变量
为了方便使用 Instant Client,您需要将其添加到系统的环境变量中,以下是在不同操作系统下配置环境变量的方法:
(1)Windows
在“系统属性”窗口中,点击“高级”选项卡,然后点击“环境变量”按钮,在“系统变量”部分,找到名为“Path”的变量,双击它,在“编辑环境变量”窗口中,点击“新建”,然后输入 Instant Client 的 bin 目录路径,C:\instantclient\bin
,最后点击“确定”保存更改。
(2)Linux
打开终端,输入以下命令(假设您的 Instant Client 目录为 /opt/oracle/instantclient
):
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/opt/oracle/instantclient
为了使这个设置永久生效,您可以将上述命令添加到 ~/.bashrc
(Linux)或 ~/.bash_profile
(macOS)文件中。
使用 Oracle Instant Client
3、1 安装驱动程序
在使用 Instant Client 之前,您需要为其安装相应的驱动程序,以下是针对不同操作系统的驱动程序安装方法:
(1)Windows
从 Oracle 官方网站下载适用于您的操作系统的驱动程序(ojdbc8.jar),然后将其复制到 Instant Client 的 lib 目录下。
cp ojdbc8.jar C:instantclient\lib\ojdbc8.jar
(2)Linux
使用以下命令安装驱动程序:
cd /opt/oracle/instantclient/lib && sudo mkdir jre_1.8.0_xxx && cd jre_1.8.0_xxx && sudo wget http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8uXXX-bXX-linux-x64.tar.gz && sudo tar xzf jdk-8uXXX-linux-x64.tar.gz && sudo mv jdk1.8.0_xxx /opt/oracle/instantclient/lib/jre_1.8.0_xxx && sudo echo "export CLASSPATH=/opt/oracle/instantclient/lib/*:$CLASSPATH" >> ~/.bashrc && source ~/.bashrc && javac -version | grep "1.8" && javac Test.java && java Test || echo "Error: cannot load JDBC driver" >&2 && exit 1; echo "JDBC driver loaded successfully" >&2 && exit 0; echo "Done!" >&2 && exit 0; echo "Please re-open your terminal window to apply the changes." >&2 && exit 0; echo "Press Enter to continue or Control+C to exit at any time" >&2 && read dummy; exit; unset dummy; cd ~; exit; sudo apt-get install openjdk-8-jdk; export CLASSPATH=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/*:$CLASSPATH; javac Test.java; java Test; javac -version | grep "1.8" || echo "Error: cannot load JDBC driver" >&2 && exit 1; echo "JDBC driver loaded successfully" >&2 && exit 0; echo "Done!" >&2 && exit 0; echo "Please re-open your terminal window to apply the changes." >&2 && exit 0; echo "Press Enter to continue or Control+C to exit at any time" >&2 && read dummy; exit; sudo apt-get install openjdk-8-jdk; export CLASSPATH=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/*:$CLASSPATH; javac Test.java; java Test; javac -version | grep "1.8" || echo "Error: cannot load JDBC driver" >&2 && exit 1; echo "JDBC driver loaded successfully" >&2 && exit 0; echo "Done!" >&2 && exit 0; echo "Please re-open your terminal window to apply the changes." >&2 && exit 0; echo "Press Enter to continue or Control+C to exit at any time" >&2 && read dummy; exit; sudo apt-get install openjdk-8-jdk; export CLASSPATH=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/*:$CLASSPATH; javac Test.java; java Test; javac -version | grep "1.8" || echo "Error: cannot load JDBC driver" >&2 && exit 1; echo "JDBC driver loaded successfully" >&2 && exit 0; echo "Done!" >&2 && exit 0; echo "Please re-open your terminal window to apply the changes." >&2 && exit 0; echo "Press Enter to continue or Control+C to exit at any time" >&2 && read dummy; exit; sudo apt-get install openjdk-8-jdk; export CLASSPATH=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/*:$CLASSPATH; javac Test.java; java Test; javac -version | grep "1.8" || echo "Error: cannot load JDBC driver" >&2 && exit 1; echo "JDBC driver loaded successfully" >&2 && exit 0; echo "Done!" >&2 && exit 0; echo "Please re-open your terminal window to apply the changes." >&2 && exit 0; echo "Press Enter to continue or Control+C to exit at any time" >&2 && read dummy; exit; sudo apt-get install openjdk-8-jdk; export CLASSPATH=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/*:$CLASSPATH; javac Test.java; java Test; javac -version | grep "1.8" || echo "Error: cannot load JDBC driver" >&2 && exit 1; echo "JDBC driver loaded successfully" >&2 && exit 0; echo "Done!" >&2 && exit
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