ubuntu怎么搭建Java开发环境

Java开发环境搭建

Java开发环境主要包括Java Development Kit(JDK)、Eclipse、IntelliJ IDEA等工具，本文将介绍如何在Ubuntu系统下安装和配置这些工具，以便进行Java开发。

1、安装JDK

我们需要在Ubuntu系统中安装JDK，打开终端，输入以下命令：

sudo apt update
sudo apt install openjdk-11-jdk

这里我们安装的是OpenJDK 11版本，你可以根据需要选择其他版本，安装完成后，可以使用以下命令检查是否安装成功：

java -version

如果显示出Java版本信息，说明安装成功。

2、配置环境变量

为了让系统识别Java命令，我们需要配置环境变量，打开/etc/profile文件：

sudo nano /etc/profile

在文件末尾添加以下内容：

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64
export JRE_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib
export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:$PATH

保存并退出，然后执行以下命令使配置生效：

source /etc/profile

3、验证环境变量配置

输入以下命令查看环境变量配置是否正确：

echo $JAVA_HOME
echo $JRE_HOME
echo $CLASSPATH
echo $PATH

如果输出的路径与我们在配置文件中设置的一致，说明环境变量配置成功。

IDE选择与安装(以Eclipse为例)

接下来，我们需要选择一个Java集成开发环境(IDE),这里以Eclipse为例进行介绍，Eclipse是一个开源的、基于Java的集成开发环境，广泛应用于Java开发，在Ubuntu系统中安装Eclipse的步骤如下：

1、下载Eclipse压缩包

访问Eclipse官网(https://www.eclipse.org/downloads/),选择适合你的操作系统和版本进行下载，这里我们下载Eclipse IDE for Java Developers(简称SE-12)，下载完成后，将压缩包解压到一个目录，~/eclipse。

2、安装APT插件仓库

在终端中输入以下命令，安装Eclipse所需的APT插件仓库：

wget --no-check-certificate https://download.eclipse.org/releases/latest/binary-ppc/pde-12.9.202008280830/pde-12.9.202008280830-linux64.tar.gz | tar xzf -C ~/eclipse --strip-components=1 pde-12.9.202008280830 > eclipse-installer-log.txt 2>&1 && wget --no-check-certificate https://download.eclipse.org/releases/latest/plugin-updates/pde.updates --output-document=~/eclipse/eclipse.ini > eclipse-installer-log.txt 2>&1 && echo "http://download.eclipse.org/releases/latest" >> ~/eclipse/eclipse.ini > eclipse-installer-log.txt 2>&1 && echo "name = 'Eclipse Platform' version = '4.7.0' update = 'yes'" >> ~/eclipse/eclipse.ini > eclipse-installer-log.txt 2>&1 && echo "publications = 'http://download.eclipse.org/releases/latest'" >> ~/eclipse/eclipse.ini > eclipse-installer-log.txt 2>&1 && echo "site = 'http://www.eclipse.org'" >> ~/eclipse/eclipse.ini > eclipse-installer-log.txt 2>&1 && echo "path = '/' type = 'folder' name = 'configuration' description = 'Configuration files for Eclipse'" >> ~/eclipse/eclipse.ini > eclipse-installer-log.txt 2>&1 && echo "path = '/plugins' type = 'folder' name = 'plugin development' description = 'Eclipse plugin development'" >> ~/eclipse/eclipse.ini > eclipse-installer-log.txt 2>&1 && echo "path = '/plugins/org.eclipse.platform_4.7.0.CDN01506301635' type = 'folder' name = 'PLUGIN_DEVELOPMENT' description = 'Eclipse PLUGIN DEVELOPMENT'" >> ~/eclipse/eclipse.ini > eclipse-installer-log.txt 2>&1 && echo "path = '/dropins' type = 'folder' name = 'dropins' description = 'Drop-in components'" >> ~/eclipse/eclipse.ini > eclipse-installer-log.txt 2>&1 && echo "path = '/help' type = 'folder' name = 'help topics' description = 'Help topics'" >> ~/eclipse/eclipse.ini > eclipse-installer-log.txt 2>&1 && echo "path = '/icons' type = 'folder' name = 'image viewer plugins' description = 'Image Viewer plugins'" >> ~/eclipse/eclipse.ini > eclipse-installer-log.txt 2>&1 && echo "path = '/org.eclipse.osgi_4.7.0.CDN01506301635' type = 'folder' name = 'OSGI bundle deployment' description = 'OSGI bundle deployment'" >> ~/eclipse/eclipse.ini > eclipse-installer-log.txt 2>&1 && echo "path = '/org.eclipse.xtext_4.7.0.CDN01506301635' type = 'folder' name = 'Xtext integration with Eclipse and ADT (experimental)' description = 'Xtext integration with Eclipse and ADT (experimental)'" >> ~/eclipse/eclipse.ini > eclipse-installer-log.txt 2>&1 && echo "path = '/org.eclipse.xtext_4.7.0.CDN01506301635/annotations' type = 'folder' name = 'Xtext annotations' description = 'Xtext annotations support in the editor and tooling (experimental)'" >> ~/eclipse/eclipse.ini > eclipse-installer-log.txt 2>&1 && echo "path = '/org.eclipse.xtext_4.7.0.CDN01506301635/parsers' type = 'folder' name = 'Xtext parsers and generators' description = 'Xtext parsers and generators support in the editor and tooling (experimental)'" >> ~/eclipse/eclipse.ini > eclipse-installer-log.txt 2>&1 && echo "path = '/org.eclipse.xtext_4.7.0.CDN01506301635/templates' type = 'folder' name = 'Xtext templates (experimental)' description = 'Xtext templates support in the editor and tooling (experimental)'" >> ~/eclipse/eclipse.ini > eclipse-installer-log.txt 2>&1 && echo "default='NO'" >> ~/eclipse/eclipse.ini > eclipse-installer-log