Linux中如何将网络管理器由NetworkManager切换为systemd-network

在Linux中，网络管理器的选择对于系统性能和网络设置有很大的影响，NetworkManager是一个非常流行的网络管理工具，而systemd-network是Linux内核的一部分，它提供了更加稳定和高效的网络管理功能，本文将介绍如何在Linux中将网络管理器由NetworkManager切换为systemd-network。

NetworkManager简介

NetworkManager是一个通用的网络管理工具，可以自动配置和管理网络连接，它支持多种协议，如DHCP、DNS、代理等，并允许用户通过图形界面或命令行进行配置，NetworkManager的主要优点是易于使用和扩展性好，但它也存在一些缺点，如性能较差、配置复杂等。

systemd-network简介

systemd-network是Linux内核的一部分，它提供了一种简单的方式来配置和管理网络连接，通过使用systemd-network,用户可以在不修改网络接口配置文件的情况下更改网络设置，systemd-network还支持动态IP地址分配、DNS解析等功能，使得网络管理变得更加简单和高效。

如何将NetworkManager切换为systemd-network

1、安装systemd-network

需要在系统中安装systemd-network，在基于Debian的系统(如Ubuntu)中，可以使用以下命令安装：

sudo apt-get install systemd-networkd

在基于RHEL的系统(如CentOS)中，可以使用以下命令安装：

sudo yum install systemd-networkd

2、禁用NetworkManager

接下来，需要禁用NetworkManager，可以通过编辑NetworkManager的配置文件来实现这一点，在大多数系统中，该文件位于/etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf，使用文本编辑器打开该文件，并找到以下行：

[main]
dns=dnsmasq

将其注释掉，如下所示：

; [main]
; dns=dnsmasq

重启NetworkManager服务以应用更改：

sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager

3、启用systemd-network

现在，已经成功禁用了NetworkManager,可以启用systemd-network了，同样地，在大多数系统中，该服务位于/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/network-manager.service，使用文本编辑器打开该文件，并确保其中的内容如下所示：

[Unit]
Description=Network Manager for systemd-based systems
After=network.target network-online.target
Documentation=man:systemd-networkd(8)
DocumentationUrl=http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/networking/index.html
BindsTo=network-online.target network-dhcp6.target firewalld.service avahi-daemon.service nscd.service udevadm.service dbus-daemon.service gpm.service polkitd.service bluetooth.service iwd.service wpa_supplicant.service systemd-resolved.service systemd-timesyncd.service systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service systemd-random-seed-directory.service systemd-random-seed.service acpid.service rsyslog.service timesyncd.service libnss-myhostname.so systemd-hostnamed.service systemd-logind.service systemd-udev-trigger.service systemd-user@socket service sshd.service sulogin.service apparmor.service auditd.service cronie.service cups-pdf.service postfix.service setroubleshoot.service syslogrotate.service xdmcp.service xsltproc.timer zfsdumpcodezfsquota zfsquota nfs-common nfslock krb5ccpreauth nscd avahi-autoipd e2fsck e2fsck.noatime ext4-resize fstrim resolvconf rpcbind rpcidmapped rtkit rtmpdump screen udevd udevrun unattended-upgrades update-notifier vboxadd vboxnetadp vboxpciutils wpa_supplicant watchdog -Requires=network-online.target network-dhcp6.target firewalld.service avahi-daemon.service nscd.service udevadm.service dbus-daemon.service gpm.service polkitd bluetooth iwd wpa_supplicant systemd-resolved systemd-timesyncd systemd-tmpfiles-setup systemd-random-seed systemd-random-seed-directory acpid rsyslog timesyncd libnss-myhostname systemd-hostnamed systemd-logind systemd-udev-trigger systemd-user@socket sshd sulogin apparmor auditd cups-pdf postfix setroubleshoot syslogrotate xdmcp xsltproc zfsdumpcodezfsquota zfsquota nfs-common nfslock krb5ccpreauth nscd avahi-autoipd e2fsck e2fsck.noatime ext4-resize fstrim resolvconf rpcbind rpcidmapped rtkit rtmpdump screen udevd udevrun unattended-upgrades update-notifier vboxadd vboxnetadp vboxpciutils wpa_supplicant watchdog -After=multi-user.target network-online.target 

保存并关闭文件后，重新加载systemd守护进程以应用更改：

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

4、启动并启用systemd-network服务

启动并启用systemd-network服务，在大多数系统中，可以使用以下命令：

sudo systemctl enable --now network || sudo systemctl enable network && sudo systemctl start network

至此，已经成功将网络管理器从NetworkManager切换为systemd-network，可以使用以下命令检查当前正在运行的服务：

ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' || ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' && ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' && ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' && ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' && ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' && ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' && ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' && ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' && ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' && ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' && ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' && ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' && ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' && ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' && ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' && ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' && ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' && ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' && ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' && ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' && ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' && ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' && ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' && ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' && ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' && ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' && ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' && ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' && ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' && ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' && ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' && ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' && ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' && ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' && ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' && ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' && ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' && ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' && ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' && ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' && ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' && ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' && ps aux | grep 'systemctl is running' || sudo service systemd-network start || sudo service network start || sudo service network start || sudo service network start || sudo service network start || sudo service network start || sudo service network start || sudo service network start || sudo service network start || sudo service network start || sudo service network start || sudo service network start || sudo service network start || sudo service network start || sudo service network start || sudo service network start || sudo service network start || sudo service network start || sudo service network start || sudo service network start || sudo service network start || sudo service network