如何安装本地服务器

SSL证书的安装

1、1 获取SSL证书

我们需要从权威的证书颁发机构(CA)购买一个SSL证书，常见的CA有DigiCert、Symantec、GlobalSign等，购买证书时，需要提供域名和公司信息，购买成功后，会收到一封确认邮件，其中包含证书文件(通常为.crt或.pem格式)和私钥文件(通常为.key格式)。

1、2 安装SSL证书

将证书文件和私钥文件上传到本地服务器的指定目录，通常情况下，可以将它们上传到网站根目录下的certs文件夹中，以下是在不同服务器上安装SSL证书的方法：

对于Apache服务器：

将证书文件和私钥文件复制到Apache的mods-ssl目录下，在Linux系统上，可以执行以下命令：

```

sudo cp your_domain.crt /etc/apache2/sites-available/your_domain.crt

sudo cp your_domain.key /etc/apache2/sites-available/your_domain.key

sudo a2enmod ssl

sudo service apache2 restart

```

对于Nginx服务器：

将证书文件和私钥文件复制到Nginx的conf.d目录下，在Linux系统上，可以执行以下命令：

```

sudo cp your_domain.crt /etc/nginx/sites-available/default.crt

sudo cp your_domain.key /etc/nginx/sites-available/default.key

sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/default.crt /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default.crt

sudo service nginx restart

```

1、3 配置Web服务器使用SSL证书

根据使用的Web服务器类型，进行相应的配置，以下是针对Apache和Nginx的配置示例：

Apache:

编辑Apache的配置文件httpd.conf(通常位于/etc/httpd/conf/或/etc/apache2/目录下),在文件末尾添加以下内容：

<VirtualHost *:443>
  ServerName your_domain.com
  DocumentRoot "/path/to/your/website"
  SSLEngine on
  SSLCertificateFile "/etc/apache2/sites-available/your_domain.crt"
  SSLCertificateKeyFile "/etc/apache2/sites-available/your_domain.key"
</VirtualHost>

Nginx:

编辑Nginx的配置文件nginx.conf(通常位于/etc/nginx/目录下),在server块中添加以下内容：

server {
  listen 80;
  server_name your_domain.com;
  return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
}
server {
  listen 443 ssl;
  server_name your_domain.com;
    ssl_certificate      /etc/nginx/sites-available/default.crt;  path to your certificate file and key file (same as above) in default location of sites-available folder in the same directory as this configuration file (i.e. where you have placed the certificate and key files)
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/sites-available/default.key;  path to your private key file (same as above) in default location of sites-available folder in the same directory as this configuration file (i.e. where you have placed the certificate and key files)
    ssl_protocols        TLSv1        TLSv1.1        TLSv1.2;  supported SSL protocols (can be combined or separated by comma)
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;  enables SSL cipher suites that were specified by the client to be used by the server, instead of the default ones that are configured for the server only (this is useful when working with older clients that do not support all of the newer ciphers)
    ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;  session cache size (shared = multiple processes can share this cache) (same as above) in default location of sites-available folder in the same directory as this configuration file (i.e. where you have placed the certificate and key files)
    ssl_session_timeout        5m;  length of time after which data sent by the client will be considered stale if it hasn't been received by the server (same as above) in default location of sites-available folder in the same directory as this configuration file (i.e. where you have placed the certificate and key files)
    ssl_session_tickets     off;  disables session ticket support (same as above) in default location of sites-available folder in the same directory as this configuration file (i.e. where you have placed the certificate and key files)
    ssl_ciphers         HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;  list of SSL ciphers to enable (same as above) in default location of sites-available folder in the same directory as this configuration file (i.e. where you have placed the certificate and key files)
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;  enables SSL cipher suites that were specified by the client to be used by the server, instead of the default ones that are configured for the server only (this is useful when working with older clients that do not support all of the newer ciphers)
    ssl_read_ahead       on;  enables preloading of data into SSL socket buffer before sending request headers to improve performance (same as above) in default location of sites-available folder in the same directory as this configuration file (i.e. where you have placed the certificate and key files) // Note: This option may cause issues with certain servers and configurations, so it should be disabled if possible or turned off entirely if not needed at all!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!//     ... rest of your configuration settings ... //     ... rest of your configuration settings ... //}  end server block for SSL configuration //}  end virtual host block for SSL configuration //}  end httpd configuration block //}  end nginx configuration block //}  end site configuration block //}  end server configuration block //}  end network configuration block //}  end system configuration block //}  end global configuration block //}  end full SSL configuration block //}  end complete SSL installation process //}  end successful SSL installation on your local server //