在 PostgreSQL 中,用户可以通过查询系统表来获取自定义表的结构信息,这些系统表包括 pg_class、pg_attribute、pg_index 等,它们分别存储了表的元数据、列的元数据和索引的元数据,通过查询这些系统表,用户可以获取到表的名称、所属模式、列名、数据类型、约束等信息。
以下是一些常用的查询语句:
1、查询表的基本信息:
SELECT relname AS 表名, nspname AS 模式名, relkind AS 表类型 FROM pg_class c JOIN pg_namespace n ON c.relnamespace = n.oid WHERE c.relkind IN ('r', 't', 'm') AND nspname NOT IN ('pg_catalog', 'information_schema');
2、查询表的列信息:
SELECT a.attname AS 列名, t.typname AS 数据类型, a.attnum AS 列序号, a.attlen AS 列长度, a.atttypid AS 数据类型 OID, a.attnotnull AS 不允许为空, a.attdefault AS 默认值, a.attalign AS 对齐方式, a.attoptions AS 选项 FROM pg_class c JOIN pg_namespace n ON c.relnamespace = n.oid JOIN pg_attribute a ON a.attrelid = c.oid JOIN pg_type t ON a.atttypid = t.oid WHERE c.relkind = 'r' AND nspname NOT IN ('pg_catalog', 'information_schema');
3、查询表的索引信息:
SELECT i.relname AS 索引名, t.typname AS 索引类型, i.indisunique AS 是否唯一, i.indimmediate AS 是否即时创建, i.indisprimary AS 是否是主键, i.indisvalid AS 是否有效, a.attname AS 排序字段, a.attnum AS 排序字段序号, a.atttypid AS 排序字段数据类型, a.attcollation AS 排序规则 FROM pg_class c JOIN pg_namespace n ON c.relnamespace = n.oid JOIN pg_index i ON i.indrelid = c.oid JOIN pg_attribute a ON a.attrelid = c.oid AND a.attnum = ANY(i.indkey) JOIN pg_type t ON a.atttypid = t.oid WHERE c.relkind = 'r' AND nspname NOT IN ('pg_catalog', 'information_schema');
4、查询表的约束信息:
SELECT conname AS 约束名, conrelid::regclass AS 约束关联的表名, confrelid::regclass AS 约束关联的列名, contype AS 约束类型, condeferrable AS 是否可以延迟验证, condeferred AS 是否延迟执行, convalidated AS 是否已验证, confdelconfrelid::regclass AS 外键关联的表名, confkey::regclass AS 外键关联的列名, conffkey::regclass AS 外键关联的主键列名 FROM pg_constraint c JOIN pg_namespace n ON c.connamespace = n.oid WHERE nspname NOT IN ('pg_catalog', 'information_schema');
通过以上查询语句,用户可以获取到自定义表的结构信息,需要注意的是,这些查询语句可能需要根据实际需求进行调整,例如过滤掉系统表、调整查询条件等。
相关问题与解答:
问题1:如何在 PostgreSQL 中查询表的行数?
答:可以使用以下查询语句查询表的行数:
SELECT reltuples AS 行数 FROM pg_class c WHERE relname = '表名';
问题2:如何在 PostgreSQL 中查询表的存储引擎?
答:可以使用以下查询语句查询表的存储引擎:
SELECT reloptions AS options FROM pg_class c WHERE relname = '表名';
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