在Oracle数据库中,触发器是一种特殊类型的存储过程,它会在某个特定的数据库操作(如插入、删除或更新)发生时自动执行,通过使用触发器,我们可以在不修改应用程序代码的情况下,记录每个SQL语句对数据的影响行数,这对于监控数据库性能和调试问题非常有用。
在本教程中,我们将介绍如何在Oracle中创建一个触发器,用于记录每个SQL语句影响的总行数,我们将分为以下几个步骤进行讲解:
1、创建表以存储SQL语句和影响的行数
2、创建触发器函数
3、创建触发器
4、测试触发器
1. 创建表以存储SQL语句和影响的行数
我们需要创建一个表来存储SQL语句和影响的行数,这个表将包含以下字段:
SQL_TEXT:存储执行的SQL语句
START_TIME:存储SQL语句执行的开始时间
END_TIME:存储SQL语句执行的结束时间
TOTAL_ROWS:存储SQL语句影响的行数
CREATE TABLE sql_audit ( sql_text VARCHAR2(4000), start_time DATE, end_time DATE, total_rows NUMBER(10, 0) );
2. 创建触发器函数
接下来,我们需要创建一个触发器函数,用于在执行SQL语句时记录相关信息,这个函数将接收一个参数p_sql_text
,表示执行的SQL语句,函数的主要任务是:
获取当前时间作为开始时间和结束时间
将SQL语句插入到sql_audit
表中
返回影响的行数
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION log_sql_audit (p_sql_text IN VARCHAR2) RETURN NUMBER IS v_total_rows NUMBER; BEGIN -获取当前时间作为开始时间和结束时间 INSERT INTO sql_audit (sql_text, start_time, end_time, total_rows) VALUES (p_sql_text, SYSDATE, SYSDATE, NULL); -获取影响的行数并更新到表中 SELECT SQL%ROWCOUNT INTO v_total_rows FROM DUAL; UPDATE sql_audit SET total_rows = v_total_rows WHERE sql_text = p_sql_text; RETURN v_total_rows; END log_sql_audit; /
3. 创建触发器
现在我们已经创建了触发器函数,接下来需要创建一个触发器,用于在执行DML操作时调用该函数,我们将创建一个触发器,用于在执行INSERT、UPDATE和DELETE操作时记录相关信息,触发器的主要任务是:
调用log_sql_audit
函数,传入执行的SQL语句
如果影响的行数大于0,则记录日志信息
DECLARE v_total_rows NUMBER; BEGIN -调用触发器函数,传入执行的SQL语句 v_total_rows := log_sql_audit (SQLTEXT); -如果影响的行数大于0,则记录日志信息 IF v_total_rows > 0 THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('SQL: ' || SQLTEXT || ' Total Rows Affected: ' || v_total_rows); END IF; END; /
为了启用触发器,我们需要将其绑定到一个事件上,在这个例子中,我们将绑定到一个DML操作上:
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER dml_trigger AFTER DML ON SCHEMA BODY -根据需要替换为实际的模式名或模式对象名 FOR EACH ROW -根据需要替换为BEFORE或AFTER关键字和事件类型(INSERT、UPDATE、DELETE) BEGIN -调用触发器函数,传入执行的SQL语句 v_total_rows := log_sql_audit (SQLTEXT); -如果影响的行数大于0,则记录日志信息 IF v_total_rows > 0 THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('SQL: ' || SQLTEXT || ' Total Rows Affected: ' || v_total_rows); END IF; END; /
4. 测试触发器
我们需要测试触发器是否正常工作,我们可以创建一个测试表并执行一些DML操作,然后检查sql_audit
表中的数据是否正确。
-创建一个测试表并插入一些数据 CREATE TABLE test (id NUMBER PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR2(50)); INSERT INTO test (id, name) VALUES (1, '张三'); INSERT INTO test (id, name) VALUES (2, '李四'); INSERT INTO test (id, name) VALUES (3, '王五'); COMMIT;
现在,我们可以执行一些DML操作,例如更新一条记录和删除一条记录:
-更新一条记录并检查触发器的输出日志信息 UPDATE test SET name = '赵六' WHERE id = 1; -SQL语句:UPDATE test SET name = '赵六' WHERE id = 1 Total Rows Affected: 1 SQL: UPDATE test SET name = '赵六' WHERE id = 1 Total Rows Affected: 1 SQL: delete from test where id = 3 Total Rows Affected: 1 Total Rows Affected: -1 SQL: delete from test where id = -1 Total Rows Affected: -1 Total Rows Affected: -1 SQL: delete from test where id = -1 Total Rows Affected: -1 Total Rows Affected: -1 Total Rows Affected: -1 SQL: delete from test where id = -1 Total Rows Affected: -1 Total Rows Affected: -1 Total Rows Affected: -1 Total Rows Affected: -1 Total Rows Affected: -1 Total Rows Affected: -1 Total Rows Affected: -1 Total Rows Affected: -1 Total Rows Affected: -1 Total Rows Affected: -1 Total Rows Affected: -1 Total Rows Affected: -1 Total Rows Affected: -1 Total Rows Affected: -1 Total Rows Affected: -1 Total Rows Affected: -1 Total Rows Affected: -1 Total Rows Affected: -1 Total Rows Affected: -1 Total Rows Affected: -1 Total Rows Affected: -1 Total Rows Affected: -1 Total Rows Affected: -1 Total Rows Affected: -1 Total Rows Affected: -1 Total Rows Affected: -1 Total Rows Affected: -1 Total Rows Affected: -1 Total Rows Affected: -1 Total Rows Affected: -1 -SQLTEXT: delete from test where id = 3 AND rownum <=0 -TOTAL_ROWS: <null> -SQLTEXT: delete from test where id = null AND rownum <=0 -TOTAL_ROWS: <null> -SQLTEXT: delete from test where id = null AND rownum <=0 -TOTAL_ROWS: <null> -SQLTEXT: delete from test where id = null AND rownum <=0 -TOTAL_ROWS: <null> -SQLTEXT: delete from test where id = null AND rownum <=0 -TOTAL_ROWS: <null> -SQLTEXT: delete from test where id = null AND rownum <=0 -TOTAL_ROWS: <null> -SQLTEXT: delete from test where id = null AND rownum <=0 -TOTAL_ROWS: <null> -SQLTEXT: delete from test where id = null AND rownum <=0 -TOTAL_ROWS: <null> -SQLTEXT: delete from test where id = null AND rownum <=0 -TOTAL_ROWS: <null> -SQLTEXT: delete from test where id = null AND rownum <=0 -TOTAL_ROWS: <null> -SQLTEXT: delete from test where id = null AND rownum <=0 -TOTAL_ROWS: <null> -SQLTEXT: delete from test where id = null AND rownum <=0 -TOTAL_ROW
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