在Linux环境下安装Oracle数据库,需要完成以下步骤:下载Oracle安装包、配置内核参数、创建Oracle用户和组、设置Oracle用户环境变量、解压Oracle安装包、运行安装程序、配置监听器、创建Oracle实例、配置网络服务名,以下是详细的操作步骤。
1、下载Oracle安装包
我们需要从Oracle官网下载Oracle 11g R2的安装包,在Linux环境下,我们可以选择RPM或者tar.gz格式的安装包,这里以tar.gz格式为例,下载地址为:https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/instant-client/linux-x86-64-downloads.html
2、配置内核参数
在安装Oracle之前,我们需要修改Linux系统的内核参数,以便Oracle能够正常使用更多的系统资源,编辑/etc/sysctl.conf
文件,添加以下内容:
kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 536870912 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 fs.file-max = 6815744 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65535 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
然后执行以下命令使配置生效:
sysctl -p
3、创建Oracle用户和组
为了安全起见,我们需要创建一个专门用于运行Oracle的用户和组,执行以下命令创建用户和组:
groupadd oinstall groupadd dba useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle passwd oracle
4、设置Oracle用户环境变量
为了让Oracle用户能够正常运行,我们需要设置一些环境变量,编辑/home/oracle/.bash_profile
文件,添加以下内容:
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 export ORACLE_SID=orcl export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
然后执行以下命令使配置生效:
source /home/oracle/.bash_profile
5、解压Oracle安装包
将下载的Oracle安装包解压到指定目录:
mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 cd $ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 tar -zxvf instantclient-basic-linux.x64-11.2.0.4.0.zip instantclient_11_2 tar -zxvf instantclient-sdk-linux.x64-11.2.0.4.0.zip instantclient_sdk_11_2
6、运行安装程序
进入解压后的instantclient_11_2
目录,运行安装程序:
cd instantclient_11_2 sudo ./install.sh
按照提示完成安装。
7、配置监听器
编辑listener.ora
文件,添加以下内容:
LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = your_hostname)(PORT = 1521)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521)) ) )
将your_hostname
替换为实际的主机名,然后创建监听器日志文件:
touch /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/listener/alert/log.xml touch /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/listener/trace/log.xml touch /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/listener/debug/log.xml chmod 777 /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/*.log*
8、创建Oracle实例
编辑initSID.ora
文件,添加以下内容:
SID_NAME=orcl ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
编辑tnsnames.ora
文件,添加以下内容:
ORCL = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = your_hostname)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)))
将your_hostname
替换为实际的主机名,然后创建实例启动文件:
touch /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/spfileorcl.ora /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl.ora /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/*.rsp /u01/app/oracle/product//dbhome_1/*odbc* /u01/app/oracle//product//dbhome_*/jdbc/*jar /u01//app//oracle//product//dbhome_*/response/* /u01//app//oracle//product//dbhome_*/examples/* /u01//app//oracle//product//dbhome_*/driver/* /u01//app//oracle//product//dbhome_*/OCI* /u01//app//oracle//product//dbhome_*/network/* /u01//app//oracle//product//dbhome_*/admin/* /u01//app//oracle//product//dbhome_*/include/* /u01//app//oracle//product//dbhome_*/lib/* /u01//app//oracle//product//dbhome_*/pkgsrc/* /u01//app//oracle//product//dbhome_*/scripts/* /u01//app//oracle//product//dbhome_*/sqlplus/* /u01//app//oracle//product//dbhome_*/udf/* /u01//app//oracle//product//dbhome_*/javavm/* /u0
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