在Oracle中打印中文字符

在Oracle中打印中文字符

Oracle数据库是一个广泛使用的数据库管理系统，它支持多种语言，包括中文，有时候在Oracle中打印中文字符可能会出现问题，例如乱码或者无法正常显示，本文将介绍如何在Oracle中正确打印中文字符。

1、设置NLS_LANG环境变量

我们需要设置NLS_LANG环境变量，以便Oracle数据库能够识别和处理中文字符，在Windows系统中，可以通过以下步骤设置NLS_LANG环境变量：

1、1 打开“计算机”或“此电脑”，右键单击空白处，选择“属性”。

1、2 在弹出的窗口中，点击“高级系统设置”。

1、3 在“系统属性”窗口中，点击“环境变量”按钮。

1、4 在“环境变量”窗口中，找到“系统变量”下的“Path”变量，双击编辑。

1、5 在“编辑环境变量”窗口中，点击“新建”，输入以下内容：

C:\oracle\product\11.2.0\client_1\BIN;C:\oracle\product\11.2.0\client_1\jre\bin;%SystemRoot%\system32;%SystemRoot%;%SystemRoot%\System32\Wbem;%SYSTEMROOT%System32\WindowsPowerShellv1.0\;C:Program Files (x86)Common Files\Thunder NetworkKanKan\Codecs;C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Thunder Network\KanKan\Components;C:\Program Files (x86)\Common FilesMicrosoft Shared\OFFICE14\MSO.DLL;C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\VBA\VBA6IDE\VBE6EXT.OLB;C:\Program Files (x86)\Common FilesMicrosoft Shared\VBA\VBA6IDE\VBE6INTL.OLB;C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\VBA\VBA6IDE\VBE7EXT.OLB;C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\VBA\VBA6IDE\VBE7INTL.OLB;C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Windows Photo Viewer\;C:\Program Files (x86)\NVIDIA CorporationPhysX\Common;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32\Wbem;C:\WINDOWS\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;C:\Program Files (x86)\ATI Technologies\ATI.ACECore-Static;C:\Program Files (x86)\Javajdk1.8.0_91\bin;C:ProgramData\Oracle\Java\javapath;

注意：请根据实际情况修改路径中的C:oracle为你的Oracle安装路径。

1、6 点击“确定”保存更改。

接下来，我们需要在Oracle客户端中设置NLS_LANG环境变量，可以通过以下步骤设置NLS_LANG环境变量：

1、6.1 打开命令提示符（以管理员身份运行）。

1、6.2 输入以下命令：

set NLS_LANG=SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK

注意：请根据实际情况修改语言代码和字符集。

2、创建数据库时指定字符集和语言

在创建数据库时，我们需要指定字符集和语言，可以通过以下SQL语句创建数据库：

CREATE DATABASE mydb
  USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY sys_password
  USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY system_password
  LOGFILE GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/redo01.log' SIZE 50M,
          GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/redo02.log' SIZE 50M,
          GROUP 3 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/redo03.log' SIZE 50M
  MAXLOGFILES 5
  MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
  MAXLOGHISTORY 1
  CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
  NATIONAL CHARACTER IS AL16UTF16
  EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL;

注意：请根据实际情况修改用户名、密码、日志文件路径和字符集。

3、修改现有数据库的字符集和语言

如果已经创建了数据库，我们可以通过以下SQL语句修改数据库的字符集和语言：

ALTER DATABASE mydb MOUNT;
ALTER DATABASE mydb UPGRADE TO BIGFILE PERMANENT;
ALTER DATABASE mydb RENAME COLUMN old_name TO new_name;
ALTER SESSION SET NLS_LANGUAGE = 'SIMPLIFIED CHINESE';
ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT = 'YYYY-MM-DD';
ALTER SESSION SET NLS_CURRENCY = '￥';
ALTER SESSION SET NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS = ',.';
ALTER SESSION SET NLS_ISO_CURRENCY = '￥';
ALTER SESSION SET NLS_SORT = 'GENERAL_CI';
ALTER SESSION SET NLS_COMP = 'BINARY';
ALTER SESSION SET NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS = 'BYTE';
ALTER SESSION SET NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT = 'YYYY-MM-DD"T"HH24:MI:SS';
ALTER SESSION SET NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT = 'YYYY-MM-DD"T"HH24:MI:SS TZR';
ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY = '￥，$';
ALTER SESSION SET NLS_CRIPT = 'SIMPLIFIED CHINESE';
ALTER SESSION SET NLS_QUOTE = ""; -"" is the default value for SQL*Plus and SQL*Loader, but it can be set to other characters if needed.
ALTER SESSION SET NLS_BACKSLASH = '\'; -The default value is the backslash character (\). If you want to use a different character as the escape character, you can set this parameter to that character. For example, if you want to use the vertical bar character (|) as the escape character, you can set this parameter to |. Note that the backslash character cannot be used as the escape character in SQL*Plus or SQL*Loader because it is also used to escape special characters in commands and scripts. ALTER SESSION SET NLS_NCHAR = 'UNICODE'; -This parameter specifies the national character set to be used by the database when converting between byte strings and national string data types. The default value is AL32UTF8, which means that the database will use the Unicode standard for representing Chinese characters in byte strings and national string data types. ALTER SESSION SET NLS_COMP=LINGUISTIC; -This parameter specifies the collation sequence to be used by the database when comparing strings in SQL statements and queries. The default value is BINARY, which means that the database will use binary comparison rules for comparing strings in SQL statements and queries. ALTER SESSION SET NLS_SORT=GENERAL_CI; -This parameter specifies the sort sequence to be used by the database when sorting strings in SQL statements and queries. The default value is BINARY, which means that the database will use binary comparison rules for sorting strings in SQL statements and queries. ALTER SESSION SET NLS_LANGUAGE=SIMPLIFIED CHINESE; -This parameter specifies the language to be used by the database when displaying messages and error messages in SQL statements and queries. The default value is AMERICAN, which means that the database will use American English when displaying messages and error messages in SQL statements and queries. ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT='YYYY-MM-DD'; -This parameter specifies the date format to be used by the database when displaying dates in SQL statements and queries. The default value is 'DD-MON-RR', which means that the database will use day-month-year format when displaying dates in SQL statements and queries. ALTER SESSION