linux使用oracle数据库

Oracle在Linux系统上的应用实践

Oracle数据库是全球最流行的关系型数据库管理系统之一，广泛应用于各种规模的企业和组织，在Linux系统上部署和管理Oracle数据库，可以为企业提供稳定、高效、安全的数据处理能力，本文将介绍如何在Linux系统上安装和配置Oracle数据库，以及如何进行日常的维护和管理。

安装Oracle数据库

1、准备环境

在安装Oracle数据库之前，需要确保Linux系统满足以下要求：

操作系统版本：Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6或更高版本，SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11或更高版本，Ubuntu 12.04 LTS或更高版本。

硬件要求：至少2GB内存，足够的磁盘空间（根据实际需求分配），支持虚拟化技术（如Intel VT或AMD-V）。

网络设置：确保Linux系统能够访问互联网，以便下载Oracle数据库软件。

2、下载Oracle数据库软件

访问Oracle官方网站（https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/oracle-database-software-downloads.html），选择适合的Oracle数据库版本（如Oracle Database 19c），然后按照提示完成下载。

3、创建Oracle用户和组

在Linux系统中创建一个名为“oracle”的用户和一个名为“oinstall”的组：

sudo groupadd oinstall
sudo useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle

4、解压Oracle数据库软件

将下载的Oracle数据库软件解压到一个目录，/opt”：

sudo tar -xvf linuxx64_193000_db_home.zip -C /opt

5、配置环境变量

编辑Oracle用户的“.bash_profile”文件，添加以下内容：

export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_19c
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/bin/dbhome_19c
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME:$PATH

使环境变量生效：

source ~oracle/.bash_profile

创建和配置Oracle数据库实例

1、创建Oracle基目录和日志目录：

sudo mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/oradata $ORACLE_BASE/logs $ORACLE_BASE/scripts $ORACLE_BASE/admin $ORACLE_BASE/cfgtoollogs $ORACLE_BASE/network/admin $ORACLE_BASE/network/listener $ORACLE_BASE/network/admin $ORACLE_BASE/network/config $ORACLE_BASE/diagnostics/rdbms/<DBNAME> $ORACLE_BASE/diagnostics/tnslsnr/<SERVICENAME> $ORACLE_BASE/fast_start_nodemanager $ORACLE_BASE/hs/admin $ORACLE_BASE/hs/instname $ORACLE_BASE/hs/rspfmt$ORACLE_HOME/customize $ORACLE_BASE/oracore $ORACLE_BASE/plsql $ORACLE_BASE/product/19c/dbhome_19c $ORACLE_BASE/product/19c/dbhome_19c/bin $ORACLE_BASE/product/19c/dbhome_19c/rdbms/admin $ORACLE_BASE/product/19c/dbhome_19c/rdbms/demo $ORACLE_BASE/product/19c/dbhome_19c/rdbms/example $ORACLE_BASE/product/19c/dbhome_19c/rdbms/orcl $ORACLE_BASE/product/19c/dbhome_19c/scripts $ORACLE_BASE/product/19c/dbhome_19c/udump $ORACLE_BASE/response$ORACLE_HOME $ORACLE_BASE/sysman $ORACLE_BASE/assistants $ORACLE_BASE/network$ORACLE_SID $ORACLE_BASE/network$LISTENERNAME $ORACLE_BASE/network$SERVICENAME $ORACLE_BASE/admin$ORACLE_SID $ORACLE_BASE/cfgtoollogs$ORACLE_HOME $ORACLE_BASE/diagnostics$DIAGNOSISDIRECTORY $ORACLE_BASE/logs$INSTANCENAME $ORACLE_BASE/logs$SERVICENAME $ORACLE_BASE/oradata$INSTANCENAME $ORACLE_BASE/oradata$SERVICENAME $ORACLE_BASE/recoveryarea$INSTANCENAME $ORACLE_BASERESETLOGS.PARAMS $ORACLE_HOMERESETLOGS.PARAMS /etc /usr /var /tmp /var/tmp /usrlocal /usrlocalapps /usrlocallib /usrlocalshare /varlocal /varlocalapps /varlocallib /varlocalshare /tmpfs /varfs /dev /proc /sys /selinux /etc /usr /var /tmp /var/tmp /usrlocal /usrlocalapps /usrlocallib /usrlocalshare /varlocal /varlocalapps /varlocallib /varlocalshare /tmpfs /varfs /dev /proc /sys /selinux
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