使用Ansible Playbook编写任务清单,通过SSH远程执行命令,实现Ubuntu服务器的自动化管理。
使用Ansible自动化管理Ubuntu服务器
简介
Ansible是一种开源的IT自动化工具,可以用于自动化配置管理、应用部署和任务执行等,它使用简单的语法和模块化的结构,可以轻松地管理和配置多台服务器,本文将介绍如何使用Ansible来自动化管理Ubuntu服务器。
安装Ansible
1、在Ubuntu服务器上安装Ansible:
```
sudo apt update
sudo apt install ansible
```
2、验证安装是否成功:
```
ansible version
```
配置Ansible主机
1、创建Ansible主机清单文件(hosts):
```
sudo nano /etc/ansible/hosts
```
2、添加Ubuntu服务器的IP地址或主机名到hosts文件中,
```
[ubuntu]
192.168.0.100
```
3、保存并关闭文件。
创建Ansible Playbook
1、创建Playbook文件(以deploy_webserver为例):
```
sudo nano /etc/ansible/playbooks/deploy_webserver.yml
```
2、编写Playbook内容,
```yaml
name: Deploy web server on Ubuntu servers
hosts: ubuntu
become: yes
tasks:
name: Install Apache web server
apt:
name: apache2
state: present
name: Start Apache service
service:
name: apache2
state: started
```
3、保存并关闭文件。
运行Ansible Playbook
1、运行Playbook:
```
ansibleplaybook /etc/ansible/playbooks/deploy_webserver.yml i /etc/ansible/hosts u your_username askpass
```
2、根据提示输入密码进行身份验证。
3、Ansible将自动在Ubuntu服务器上安装Apache web服务器并启动服务。
常见问题与解答
问题1:为什么在运行Playbook时需要输入密码?
答:在运行Playbook时,Ansible需要通过SSH连接到目标服务器进行操作,为了确保安全性,需要输入目标服务器的密码进行身份验证,可以使用askpass
选项让Ansible提示您输入密码,也可以使用SSH密钥对进行免密码登录。
问题2:如何实现无密码登录?
答:要实现无密码登录,可以使用SSH密钥对进行认证,在本地计算机上生成SSH密钥对:
sshkeygen t rsa b 4096 f ~/.ssh/id_rsa_local_computer N "" C "your_email@example.com"
将公钥复制到目标服务器的authorized_keys文件中:
sshcopyid your_username@target_server_ip_address i ~/.ssh/id_rsa_local_computer.pub o StrictHostKeyChecking=no o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null o LogLevel=QUIET n target_server_username@target_server_ip_address p target_server_port i ~/.ssh/id_rsa_target_server o IdentitiesOnly=yes o StrictHostKeyChecking=no o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null o LogLevel=QUIET n target_server_username@target_server_ip_address p target_server_port i ~/.ssh/id_rsa_target_server o IdentitiesOnly=yes o StrictHostKeyChecking=no o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null o LogLevel=QUIET n target_server_username@target_server_ip_address p target_server_port i ~/.ssh/id_rsa_target_server o IdentitiesOnly=yes o StrictHostKeyChecking=no o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null o LogLevel=QUIET n target_server_username@target_server_ip_address p target_server_port i ~/.ssh/id_rsa_target_server o IdentitiesOnly=yes o StrictHostKeyChecking=no o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null o LogLevel=QUIET n target_server_username@target_server_ip_address p target_server_port i ~/.ssh/id_rsa_target_server o IdentitiesOnly=yes o StrictHostKeyChecking=no o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null o LogLevel=QUIET n target_server_username@target_server_ip_address p target_server_port i ~/.ssh/id_rsa_target_server o IdentitiesOnly=yes o StrictHostKeyChecking=no o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null o LogLevel=QUIET n target_server_username@target_server_ip_address p target
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