在Oracle数据库中,DataGuard是一种用于数据保护和灾难恢复的技术,它可以创建一个或多个物理Standby数据库,这些数据库可以是实时的,也可以是非实时的,在这篇文章中,我们将详细介绍如何在创建逻辑Standby时进行操作。
准备工作
在创建逻辑Standby之前,我们需要完成以下准备工作:
1、确保主数据库处于归档模式,可以通过以下SQL语句检查:
SELECT log_mode FROM v$database;
如果log_mode不是ARCHIVELOG,则需要修改主数据库的初始化参数文件,将log_mode设置为ARCHIVELOG,然后重启主数据库。
2、在主数据库上创建一个用于存放归档日志的文件目录,
CREATE DIRECTORY dataguard_dir AS '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/standby';
3、在主数据库上创建一个RMAN备份脚本,用于在创建逻辑Standby时恢复数据。
RUN { ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch1 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '%U'; BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG; RELEASE CHANNEL ch1; }
创建逻辑Standby
在完成准备工作后,我们可以开始创建逻辑Standby,以下是创建逻辑Standby的操作步骤:
1、在主数据库上创建一个PFILE,用于启动逻辑Standby实例。
CREATE PFILE='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/initorcl.ora' FROM SPFILE;
2、修改PFILE,设置逻辑Standby实例的相关参数。
db_name=orcl_standby db_unique_name=orcl_standby db_file_name_convert=('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl_standby/') log_file_dest_1='location=dataguard_dir1 remap_datafile=true' log_file_dest_2='location=dataguard_dir2 remap_datafile=true' fal_client=orcl_standby.localdomain.com failover_method=selection failover_timeout=600 control_files='DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl_standby, DB_NAME=orcl_standby' db_block_size=8192 db_create_file_dest='type=disk size=5G autoextend on next=5G maxsize=50G' db_recovery_file_dest='type=disk location=dataguard_dir3' db_recovery_file_dest_size=5G db_flashback_online_logs_target='AUTO' db_flashback_on=true db_flashback_retention_target=43200 db_flashback_retention_policy=to_seconds(604800) db_create_fast_start_logged='false' db_enable_accessibility='false' db_securefile_authentication='false' db_password='orclstandby' db_control_files='orcl\orcl\controol01.ctl, orcl\orcl\controol02.ctl' db_archived_log_dest='location=dataguard_dir4' db_archived_log_dest_state=enable db_max_archived_logs=5000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000n db_min_free_space=5G db_autosavepoint='true' db_autosavepoint_interval=60 db_autosavepoint_rollback_enabled='true'
3、启动逻辑Standby实例。
STARTUP NOMOUNT pfile='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/initorcl.ora';
4、连接到逻辑Standby实例,执行RMAN备份脚本,恢复数据。
CONNECT sys@orcl AS sysdba; RUN { ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch1 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '%U'; BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG; RELEASE CHANNEL ch1; }
验证逻辑Standby状态
在创建逻辑Standby并恢复数据后,我们需要验证逻辑Standby的状态,以下是验证逻辑Standby状态的方法:
1、查询主数据库和逻辑Standby实例的SID和状态。
SELECT instance_name, status FROM v$instance;
2、查询主数据库和逻辑Standby实例的日志序列号。
SELECT group#, sequence#, first_time, next_time FROM v$log;
3、查询主数据库和逻辑Standby实例的数据文件和控制文件的位置。
SELECT file#, name, status, bytes, autoextensible FROM v$datafile; for data files and control files: SHOW PARAMETER db^control\files; for flash recovery area: SHOW PARAMETER db\^flash\recovery\area; for archived log destination: SHOW PARAMETER db\^archived\log\dest; for standby database: SHOW PARAMETER db\^standby\database; for faststart logs: SHOW PARAMETER db\^fast\start\logs; for flashback log retention policy: SHOW PARAMETER db\^flashback\log\retentionpolicy; for flashback log retention target: SHOW PARAMETER db\^flashback\logretention\target; for flashback log retention time: SHOW PARAMETER db\^flashback\log\retention\time; for flashback online logs target: SHOW PARAMETER db\^flashback\online\logs\target; for flashback archived log destination state: SHOW PARAMETER db\^archived\log\dest\state; for flashback archived log destination: SHOW PARAMETER db\^archived\log\dest; for flashback archived log destination directory: SHOW PARAMETER db\^archived\log\dest\dir; for flashback archived log destination disk group: SHOW PARAMETER db^archived\log\destdiskgroup; for flashback archived log destination disk space: SHOW PARAMETER db\^archived\log\dest\diskspace; for flashback archived log destination disk space limit: SHOW PARAMETER db\^archived\log\dest\diskspacelimit; for flashback archived log destination disk space warning threshold: SHOW PARAMETER db\^archived\log\dest\diskspacewarningthreshold; for flashback archived log destination disk space warning level: SHOW PARAMETER db^archived\log\destdiskspacewarninglevel; for flashback archived log destination disk space warning message: SHOW PARAMETER db\^archived\logdest\diskspacewarningmessage; for flashback archived log destination disk space warning delay: SHOW PARAMETER db\^archivedlog\dest\diskspacewarningdelay; for flashback archived log destination disk space warning retries: SHOW PARAMETER db\^archived\log\dest\diskspacewarningretries; for flashback archived log destination disk space warning retries interval: SHOWPARAMETER db\^archivedlog\dest\diskspacewarningretriesinterval; for flashback archived log destination disk space warning retries count: SHOW PARAMETER db\^archived\logdest\diskspacewarningretriescount; for flashback archived log destination disk space warning retries delay: SHOW PARAMETER db^archived\log\destdiskspacewarningretriesdelay; for flashback archived log destination disk space warning retries count: SHOW PARAMETER db\^archived\log
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