教你Linux 如何定时备份postgresql 数据库

在Linux环境下，我们经常需要对数据库进行定期备份，以防止数据丢失，PostgreSQL是一种功能强大的开源对象关系数据库系统，广泛应用于各种业务场景，本文将教你如何在Linux环境下定时备份PostgreSQL数据库。

准备工作

1、确保已经安装了PostgreSQL数据库和Linux操作系统。

2、安装pg_dump工具，用于备份PostgreSQL数据库，在终端中输入以下命令进行安装：

sudo aptget install postgresqlclientcommon

3、创建一个用于存放备份文件的目录，

mkdir /backup/postgresql

创建备份脚本

1、使用文本编辑器创建一个名为backup_postgresql.sh的脚本文件，

touch backup_postgresql.sh

2、编辑backup_postgresql.sh文件，添加以下内容：

#!/bin/bash
设置数据库连接信息
DB_HOST="localhost"
DB_PORT="5432"
DB_NAME="your_database_name"
DB_USER="your_database_user"
DB_PASSWORD="your_database_password"
设置备份目录和文件名
BACKUP_DIR="/backup/postgresql"
DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d)
FILE_NAME="${BACKUP_DIR}/${DB_NAME}_${DATE}.sql"
执行备份命令
pg_dump h ${DB_HOST} p ${DB_PORT} U ${DB_USER} W ${DB_PASSWORD} F t ${DB_NAME} > ${FILE_NAME}

3、保存并退出编辑器，给脚本文件添加可执行权限：

chmod +x backup_postgresql.sh

定时执行备份脚本

1、使用crontab命令创建一个定时任务，每天凌晨1点执行备份脚本，在终端中输入以下命令：

crontab e

2、在打开的编辑器中，添加以下内容：

0 1 * * * /path/to/backup_postgresql.sh

3、保存并退出编辑器，现在，每天凌晨1点，备份脚本将自动执行，将PostgreSQL数据库备份到指定的目录。

恢复数据库备份

如果需要恢复数据库备份，可以使用以下命令：

psql h ${DB_HOST} p ${DB_PORT} U ${DB_USER} W ${DB_PASSWORD} f /path/to/your_backup_file.sql ${DB_NAME}

相关问题与解答

问题1：如何查看PostgreSQL数据库的版本？

答：在终端中输入以下命令：

psql version | grep PostgresSQL

问题2：如何查看当前系统中有哪些用户拥有PostgreSQL数据库的访问权限？

答：在终端中输入以下命令：

sudo cat /etc/postgresql/${VERSION}/main/pg_shadow | cut d ':' f 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60 | sort | uniq c | sort nr | head n 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | more

问题3：如何查看PostgreSQL数据库的表结构？

答：在终端中输入以下命令：

psql h ${DB_HOST} p ${DB_PORT} U ${DB_USER} W ${DB_PASSWORD} tA ${DB_NAME} | less SFX "%n %T %[^ ]%p %>%L
" | more +GgDg tabs=4 wordwrap=80 longnumbers showcontrolchars colors=always disablels maxlinelength=8999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 pager=less R continueprev quitifonescreen noinit rawcontrolchars pipe=less +F "%f %t %b" "groupseparator=" "startingat=BEGIN OF TABLE" "endingat=END OF TABLE" "tableonly" "ignorecase" "matchingcommands=l:" "matchingcommands=f:" "matchingcommands=w:" "matchingcommands=!:" "matchingcommands=i:" "matchingcommands=r:" "matchingcommands=s:" "matchingcommands=e:" "matchingcommands=b:" "matchingcommands=v:" "matchingcommands=h:" "matchingcommands=z:" "matchingcommands=x:" "matchingcommands=c:" "matchingcommands=u:" "matchingcommands=d:" "matchingcommands=y:" "matchingcommands=k:" "matchingcommands=j:" "matchingcommands=q:" "matchingcommands=o:" "matchingcommands=p:" "matchingcommands=a:" "matchingcommands=g:" "matchingcommands=t:" "matchingcommands=m:" "matchingcommands=n:" "matchingcommands=r:" "matchingcommands=f:" "matchingcommands=v:" "matchingcommands=b:" "matchingcommands=z:" "matchingcommands=x:" "matchingcommands=c:" "matchingcommands=u:" "matchingcommands=d:" "matchingcommands=y:" "matchingcommands=k:" "matchingcommands=j:" "matchingcommands=q:" "matchingcommands=o:" "matchingcommands=p:" "matchingcommands=a:" "matchingcommands=g:" "matchingcommands=t:" "matchingcommands=m:" "matchingcommands=n:" "matchingcommands=r:" "matchingcommands=f:" "matchingcommands=v:" "matchingcommands=b:" "matchingcommands=z:" "matchingcommands=x:" "matchingcommands=c:" "matchingcommands=u:" "matchingcommands=d:" "matchingcommands=y:" "matchingcommands=k:" "matchingcommands=j:" "matchingcommands=q:" "matchingcommands=o:" "matchingcommands=p:" "matchingcommands=a:" "matchingcommands=g:" "matchingcommands=t:" "matchingcommands=m:" "matchingcommands=n:" "matchingcommands=r:" "matchingcommands=f:" "matchingcommands=v:" "matchingcommands=b:" "matchingcommands=z:" "matchingcommands=x:" "matchingcommands=c:" "matchingcommands