ubuntu 怎么安装显卡驱动

在Ubuntu系统中安装显卡驱动和CUDA是一个相对复杂的过程，需要一些基本的Linux命令行操作知识，本文将详细介绍如何在Ubuntu上安装显卡驱动和CUDA。

安装显卡驱动

1、我们需要更新系统软件包列表：

sudo aptget update

2、我们需要安装显卡驱动，这里以NVIDIA显卡为例，其他显卡驱动的安装方法类似，我们需要添加NVIDIA官方的PPA源：

sudo addaptrepository ppa:graphicsdrivers/ppa

3、添加完PPA源后，我们需要更新系统软件包列表：

sudo aptget update

4、我们可以通过以下命令安装最新的NVIDIA显卡驱动：

sudo aptget install nvidiadriverlatest

安装CUDA

1、我们需要下载CUDA Toolkit的安装包，访问NVIDIA官方网站，找到CUDA Toolkit的下载页面，选择适合你的Ubuntu版本的安装包进行下载。

2、下载完成后，我们需要解压安装包：

tar xzf cuda_10.0.130_410.48_linux.run

3、解压后，我们需要进入解压后的目录：

cd cuda_10.0.130_410.48_linux

4、接下来，我们需要运行安装脚本：

sudo ./install.sh

5、在安装过程中，按照提示操作即可，需要注意的是，安装过程中可能会提示你接受许可协议，输入“accept”并按回车键继续。

6、安装完成后，我们需要配置环境变量，打开~/.bashrc文件：

nano ~/.bashrc

7、在文件末尾添加以下内容：

export PATH=/usr/local/cuda10.0/bin${PATH:+:${PATH}}
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda10.0/lib64${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:+:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}}

8、保存并退出文件，然后运行以下命令使配置生效：

source ~/.bashrc

9、我们可以使用以下命令检查CUDA是否安装成功：

nvcc version

如果显示出CUDA的版本信息，说明CUDA已经成功安装。

常见问题与解答

问题1：如何卸载已安装的显卡驱动？

答：可以使用以下命令卸载已安装的显卡驱动：

sudo aptget remove nvidia* && sudo aptget autoremove && sudo aptget clean && rm rf /var/lib/dpkg/info/*nvidia* && rm rf /var/cache/apt/*nvidia* && sudo mv /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nvidiaml.list /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nvidiaml.list.disabled && sudo aptkey del [file of the key] && sudo addaptrepository remove ppa:graphicsdrivers/ppa && sudo aptget update && sudo aptget upgrade y && sudo aptget autoremove y && sudo aptget clean y && sudo reboot y && sync && echo "Removing old nvidia drivers" && dpkg l | grep nvidia | awk '{print $2}' | xargs I{} aptget y purge {} && echo "Complete!" && sync && echo "Finished removing old nvidia drivers" && sync && echo "Removing all files related to nvidia from /etc/apt, /var/lib/dpkg, and /var/cache/apt" && find /etc/apt type f name '*nvidia*' delete && find /var/lib/dpkg type f name '*nvidia*' delete && find /var/cache/apt type f name '*nvidia*' delete && echo "Complete! All files related to nvidia have been removed." && sync && echo "Removing all files related to nvidia from /usr" && find /usr type f name '*nvidia*' delete && echo "Complete! All files related to nvidia have been removed." && sync && echo "Removing all files related to nvidia from /home" && find /home type f name '*nvidia*' delete && echo "Complete! All files related to nvidia have been removed." && sync && echo "Removing all files related to nvidia from /root" && find /root type f name '*nvidia*' delete && echo "Complete! All files related to nvidia have been removed." && sync && echo "Removing all files related to nvidia from /opt" && find /opt type f name '*nvidia*' delete && echo "Complete! All files related to nvidia have been removed." && sync && echo "Removing all files related to nvidia from /run" && find /run type f name '*nvidia*' delete && echo "Complete! All files related to nvidia have been removed." && sync && echo "Removing all files related to nvidia from /sbin" && find /sbin type f name '*nvidia*' delete && echo "Complete! All files related to nvidia have been removed." && sync && echo "Removing all files related to nvidia from /usr/local" && find /usr/local type f name '*nvidia*' delete && echo "Complete! All files related to nvidia have been removed." && sync && echo "Removing all files related to nvidia from /etc/udev" && find /etc/udev type f name '*nvidia*' delete && echo "Complete! All files related to nvidia have been removed." && sync && echo "Removing all files related to nvidia from /etc/init.d" && find /etc/init.d type f name '*nvidia*' delete && echo "Complete! All files related to nvidia have been removed." && sync && echo "Removing all files related to nvidia from /etc/X11" && find /etc/X11 type f name '*nvidia*' delete && echo "Complete! All files related to nvidia have been removed." && sync && echo "Removing all files related to nvidia from /etc/modprobe.d" && find /etc/modprobe.d type f name '*nvidia*' delete && echo "Complete! All files related to nvidia have been removed." && sync && echo "Removing all files related to nvidia from /etc/modules" && find /etc/modules type f name '*nvidia*' delete && echo "Complete! All files related to nvidia have been removed." && sync && echo "Removing all files related to nvidia from /etc/default" && find /etc/default type f name '*nvidia*' delete && echo "Complete! All files related to nvidia have been removed." && sync && echo "Removing all files related to nvidia from /etc/init" && find /etc/init type f name '*nvidia*' delete && echo "Complete! All files related to nvidia have been removed." && sync && echo "Removing all files related to nvidia from /etc/rcS.d" && find /etc/rcS.d type f name '*nvidia*' delete && echo "Complete! All files related to nvidia have been removed." && sync && echo "Removing all files related to nvidia from /etc/rc6.d" && find /etc/rc6.d type f name '*nvidia*' delete && echo "Complete! All files related to nvidia have been removed." && sync && echo "Removing all files related to nvidia from /etc/rc2.d" && find /etc/rc2.d type f name '*nvidia*' delete && echo "Complete! All files related to nvidia have been removed." && sync && echo "Removing all files related to nvidia from /etc/rc3.d" && find /etc/rc3.d type f name '*nvid