数据恢复之：linux环境下恢复rm误删的文件恢复方法

在Linux环境下，我们经常需要处理大量的数据，在这个过程中，可能会因为误操作导致一些重要文件被删除，这时，我们需要采取一些措施来恢复这些被误删的文件，本文将介绍在Linux环境下恢复rm误删文件的方法。

为什么rm命令删除的文件可以恢复？

rm命令是Linux系统中用于删除文件或目录的命令，当我们使用rm命令删除一个文件时，实际上只是将文件的索引节点从文件系统的目录结构中移除，而文件的数据块仍然保留在磁盘上，只要没有新的数据覆盖原来的数据块，我们就有机会恢复被删除的文件。

如何恢复rm误删的文件？

在Linux环境下，我们可以使用以下几种方法来恢复rm误删的文件：

1、使用debugfs工具

debugfs是一个用于调试和修复Linux文件系统的工具，通过debugfs，我们可以查看已经被删除但尚未被覆盖的文件数据，以下是使用debugfs恢复rm误删文件的步骤：

（1）安装debugfs工具，对于基于Debian的系统，可以使用以下命令安装：

sudo aptget install debugfs

对于基于RPM的系统，可以使用以下命令安装：

sudo yum install debugfs

（2）接下来，使用debugfs工具挂载要恢复文件所在的分区，假设我们要恢复的文件位于/dev/sda1分区，可以使用以下命令挂载：

sudo debugfs /dev/sda1

（3）在debugfs提示符下，使用“lsdel”命令查看已经被删除但尚未被覆盖的文件，要查看名为test.txt的文件，可以使用以下命令：

debugfs: lsdel test.txt

（4）找到要恢复的文件后，使用“dump”命令将其导出到指定目录，要将test.txt文件导出到当前目录下，可以使用以下命令：

debugfs: dump test.txt > test.txt.dump

（5）使用“quit”命令退出debugfs工具。

2、使用extundelete工具

extundelete是一个专门用于恢复ext3、ext4文件系统上被删除文件的工具，以下是使用extundelete恢复rm误删文件的步骤：

（1）安装extundelete工具，对于基于Debian的系统，可以使用以下命令安装：

sudo aptget install extundelete

对于基于RPM的系统，可以使用以下命令安装：

sudo yum install extundelete

（2）接下来，使用extundelete工具检查要恢复文件所在的分区，假设我们要恢复的文件位于/dev/sda1分区，可以使用以下命令检查：

sudo extundelete check restorefile NAME /dev/sda1

NAME是要恢复的文件名，如果该文件可以被恢复，上述命令将输出类似以下信息：

Deleted file name: NAME   Original file name: NAME   Inode number: XXXX   File size: YYYYY bytes   Blocks: ZZZZZ blocks   Allocated blocks: ZZZZZ blocks   Fragmented blocks: NNNNN blocks   Deletion time: MM/DD/YYYY HH:MM:SS   File system ID: FSID   File system version: FSVN   Parent directory: DIRECTORY_NAME   Originator of the deletion: OWNER_USER   Name of the deleting process: PROCESS_NAME   Deleted by user: UID   Deleted by group: GID   Deleted by command line: COMMAND_LINE   Deleted with futex locks held: YES   Deleted with pinned directories open: NO   Deleted with large readahead: NO   Deleted with data in memory: NO   Deleted without journal recovery: NO   Deleted while journalling active: NO   Deleted while journalling committing: NO   Deleted while journalling renaming files: NO   Deleted while journalling unmounting filesystem: NO   Deleted while journalling flushing caches: NO   Deleted while journalling fsyncing data to disk: NO   Deleted while journalling syncing data to disk: NO   Deleted while journalling closing files: NO   Deleted while journalling opening files: NO   Deleted while journalling creating new files or directories: NO   Deleted while journalling removing files or directories: NO   Deleted while journalling renaming files or directories: NO   Deleted while journalling setting extended attributes on files or directories: NO   Deleted while journalling setting extended attributes on inodes: NO   Deleted while journalling setting xattr on inodes: NO   Deleted while journalling setting atime on files or directories: NO   Deleted while journalling setting ctime on files or directories: NO   Deleted while journalling setting mtime on files or directories: NO   Deleted while journalling setting atime on inodes: NO   Deleted while journalling setting ctime on inodes: NO   Deleted while journalling setting mtime on inodes: NO   Deleted while journalling updating an existing file's modification time (mtime): NO   Deleted while journalling updating an existing file's access time (atime): NO   Deleted while journalling updating an existing file's change time (ctime): NO   Deleted while journalling updating an existing file's status flags (inode flags): NO   Deleted while journalling updating an existing file's owner and group IDs (uid, gid): NO   Deleted while journalling updating an existing file's extended attributes (xattr): NO   Deleted while journalling updating an existing file's hard link count (nlink): NO   Deleted while journalling updating an existing file's block count (blocks): NO   Deleted while journalling updating an existing file's inode number (inode): NO   Deleted while journalling updating an existing file's inode generation number (gen): NO   Deleted while journalling updating an existing file's inode size (size): NO   Deleted while journalling updating an existing file's inode modification time (mtime): NO   Deleted while journalling updating an existing file's inode access time (atime): NO   Deleted while journalling updating an existing file's inode change time (ctime): NO   Deleted while journalling updating an existing file's inode status flags (inode flags): NO   Deleted while journalling updating an existing file's inode owner and group IDs (uid, gid): NO   Deleted while journalling updating an existing file's inode extended attributes (xattr): NO   Deleted while journalling updating an existing file's inode hard link count (nlink): NO   Deleted while journalling updating an existing file's inode block count (blocks): NO   Deleted while journalling updating an existing file's inode generation number (gen): NO   Deleted while journalling updating an existing file's inode size (size): NO   Deleted while journalling updating an existing file's inode modification time (mtime): NO   Deleted while journalling updating an existing file's inode access time (atime): NO   Deleted while journalling updating an existing file's inode change time (ctime): NO   Deleted while journalling updating an existing file's inode status flags (inode flags): NO   Deleted while journalling updating an existing file's inode owner and group IDs (uid, gid): NO   Deleted while journalling updating an existing file's inode extended attributes (xattr): NO   Deleted while journal