云主机管理系统如何安装

一、云主机管理系统简介

云主机管理系统是一种用于管理云计算环境下的虚拟主机的系统，它可以帮助用户轻松地创建、配置和管理虚拟主机，实现对虚拟主机的弹性扩展、资源监控、故障排查等功能，常见的云主机管理系统有：OpenStack、VMware vSphere、XenServer等，本文将以OpenStack为例，介绍如何安装云主机管理系统。

二、安装环境准备

1. 硬件需求：至少2台服务器，每台服务器至少4核CPU、8GB内存、100GB硬盘空间。

2. 网络环境：确保服务器之间可以互相访问，且满足OpenStack的网络配置要求。

3. 软件需求：操作系统为Ubuntu或CentOS,已安装了Python、OpenSSL等依赖库。

三、安装步骤

1. 更新系统软件包

在主服务器上执行以下命令，更新系统软件包：

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade -y

2. 配置OpenStack组件

在主服务器和辅助服务器上执行以下命令，安装OpenStack组件：

sudo apt-get install -y python3-openstackclient python3-novaclient python3-neutronclient python3-cinderclient python3-glanceclient python3-swiftclient python3-heatclient python3-ceilometerclient python3-keystoneclient python3-memcached python3-mysql-server python3-sqlite3 python3-python-dev libapache2-mod-wsgi-py3 apache2-utils memcached mysql-server php5 php5-mysql php5-memcached php5-sqlite3 php5-gd php5-curl php5-xml php5-bcmath php5-json php5-mbstring php5-tokenizer php5-shmop php5-fpm php5-cli zip unzip git

3. 配置数据库

在主服务器上执行以下命令，创建并初始化数据库：

sudo mysql_install_db --user=root --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --ldatadir=/var/lib/mysql
sudo service mysql restart

创建数据库和用户：

CREATE DATABASE openstack;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON openstack.* TO 'openstack'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'your_password';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
EXIT;

4. 配置OpenStack组件服务启动脚本

在主服务器和辅助服务器上执行以下命令，编辑OpenStack组件服务启动脚本：

sudo nano /etc/init.d/nova-compute
sudo nano /etc/init.d/neutron-server
sudo nano /etc/init.d/cinder-api
sudo nano /etc/init.d/glance-api
sudo nano /etc/init.d/keystone-authtoken
sudo nano /etc/init.d/memcached
sudo nano /etc/init.d/mysql
sudo nano /etc/init.d/heat-api
sudo nano /etc/init.d/ceilometer-api

在这些文件中，设置相应的启动命令和运行用户，设置Nova计算服务的运行用户为`openstack`:

```bash

DAEMON_ARGS="--logfile /var/log/nova/nova-compute.log" DAEMON_COMMAND="/usr/bin/nova-compute --config-file /etc/nova/nova.conf" DISABLE_STOP_POST=true ENABLED_SERVICES="network" START=99

USER=openstack GROUP=openstack HOME=/etc/nova LOGNAME=nova

RABBITMQ_HOST=$RABBITMQ_HOST

RABBITMQ_PORT=$RABBITMQ_PORT

RABBITMQ_VHOST=$RABBITMQ_VHOST

RABBITMQ_USER=$RABBITMQ_USER

RABBITMQ_PASSWORD=$RABBITMQ_PASSWORD

RABBITMQ_EXECUTE_USER=$RABBITMQ_EXECUTE_USER

RABBITMQ_EXECUTE_USER_HOME=$RABBITMQ_EXECUTE_USER_HOME

AUTH_URL=$AUTH_URL

IMAGE_API_VERSION=2

INSTANCE_BACKEND=$INSTANCE_BACKEND

FLAVOR_EXTRA_Specs='{"disk": "1", "ram": "1024"}'" RESTART=always NAME="nova-compute" DESC="OpenStack Nova compute service"

PIDFILE="/var/run/nova/nova-compute.pid" SCRIPT="/usr/bin/nova"

USER="openstack" GROUP="openstack" DISABLE_STOP_POST=true ENABLED_SERVICES="network"

START=99 LOCKDOWN=false INFRASTRUCTURE=public

NOVA_CONF="/etc/nova" CONFIGdrive="" COMMIT="local"

VOLUME["$HOME"]="/home/openstack" CONTAINERIZED=true SELINUX=disabled THREADED=true MAX_THREADS=200

LOGDIR="/var/log" ENABLED_SERVICES="volume,imageservice,objectstore,scheduler,placement"

SCHEDULER_DISK_ALLOCATION=[\"default\"] ENABLED_SERVICES="conductor,consoleauth,novncproxy,novnc,spicehtmlproxy"

SCHEDULER_INCLUDE=[\"$HOSTNAME\"] ENABLED_SERVICES="keystoneauthtoken,identityv3,alarm,gnocchi,metering,aodh,maas,cinder,glance,neutron,swift,heat,horizon"

SCHEDULER_HASH[identity]="sha256" ENABLED_SERVICES="cephfs,swift,tempest,trello"

SCHEDULER_HASH[keystone]="sha256" ENABLED_SERVICES="tempest,trello"

SCHEDULER_HASH[glance]="sha256" ENABLED_SERVICES="tempest,trello"

SCHEDULER_HASH[neutron]="sha256" ENABLED_SERVICES="tempest,trello"

SCHEDULER_HASH[cinder]="sha256" ENABLED_SERVICES="tempest,trello"

SCHEDULER_HASH[heat]="sha256" ENABLED_SERVICES="tempest,trello"

SCHEDULER_HASH[swift]="sha256" ENABLED_SERVICES="tempest,trello"

SCHEDULER_HASH[aodh]="sha256" ENABLED_SERVICES="tempest,trello"

SCHEDULER_HASH[maas]="sha256" ENABLED_SERVICES="tempest,trello"

SCHEDULER_HASH[gnocchi]="sha256" ENABLED_SERVICES="tempest,trello"

SCHEDULER_HASH[metering]="sha256" ENABLED_SERVICES="tempest,trello"

SCHEDULER_HASH[horizon]="sha256" ENABLED_SERVICES="tempest,trello"

NOVACLIENTAPI_VERSION=2.1 API_VERSION=2.1 FLAVORNAME=$FLAVORNAME FLAVOURID=$FLAVORID XTRADHASH=$XTRADHASH XTRADATA=$XTRADATA KEYSTONEURL=$AUTHURL

KEYSTONETOKEN=$KEYSTONETOKEN TRUSTEE_DOMAINS=$TRUSTEE_DOMAINS TRUSTEE_IDS=$TRUSTEE_IDS CACERT=$CACERT NOPROXY=$NOPROXY HTTPPROXY=$HTTPPROXY HTTPSPROXY=$HTTPSPROXY TIMEOUT=$TIMEOUT REDIRECTION=$REDIRECTION

osctype=none stateless disableippool authstrategy=keystone rendhost=$(hostname) bindaddress=:: renddomains=$(hostname --fqdn) rendlistenport=7780 rendusetls=true rendcertfile=None rendkeyfile=None rendcacertfile=None rendinterval=600 rendparallelism=1 maxbandwidth=0 maxpollinterval=0 enablessl true enablesecurenetpack true enableprivatenetpack true enablepublicnetpack true enablepublicurl True enabletrusteddomains true enablestorageapi true enableobjectstore true enableglanceapi true enablemetadataapi true enableapitrace true enablereplication apimaxratelimit=0 apimaxconcurrentrequests=0 apienablepostfixcheck false apiinsecure $ENABLED