在Android开发中，Socket通信是一种常见的实现网络功能的方式，通过Socket编程，可以实现客户端与服务器之间的双向通信，从而实现即时通讯、数据同步等功能，本文将详细介绍如何在Android平台上进行基于Socket的通信开发。
一、
Socket是一种提供网络通信能力的编程接口，通过它，应用程序可以在网络上进行数据传输，在Android中，我们可以使用java.net包下的Socket和ServerSocket类来创建客户端和服务器端，进行双向通信。
二、创建Socket连接
1. 客户端建立Socket连接
在客户端，需要创建一个Socket对象并连接到服务器的IP地址和端口：
try {
String serverIpAddress = "192.168.1.1"; // 服务器IP地址
int serverPort = 8080; // 服务器端口
Socket socket = new Socket(serverIpAddress, serverPort);
// 连接成功，可以进行后续操作
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
2. 服务器端建立ServerSocket连接
在服务器端，需要创建一个ServerSocket对象并绑定到指定的端口，等待客户端的连接：
try {
int port = 8080; // 服务器端口
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port);
System.out.println("服务器已启动，等待客户端连接...");
Socket clientSocket = serverSocket.accept(); // 阻塞，直到有客户端连接
// 处理客户端连接
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
三、发送信息
建立连接后，可以通过OutputStream向服务器发送数据：
try {
OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream));
// 发送消息
writer.println("Hello, Server!");
writer.flush();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
四、接收信息
通过InputStream可以从服务器接收数据：
try {
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
// 读取服务器发送的消息
String receivedMessage = reader.readLine();
// 处理接收到的消息
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
五、完整示例
以下是一个简单的示例工具类，用于处理连接、发送和接收消息：
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class SocketUtils {
private Socket socket = null;
private InputStream mInputStream = null;
private BufferedReader reader = null;
private PrintWriter writer = null;
private OnMessageReceivedListener messageListener;
public SocketUtils(String serverIpAddress, int serverPort) {
try {
socket = new Socket();
SocketAddress socAddress = new InetSocketAddress(serverIpAddress, serverPort);
socket.connect(socAddress, 800);
socket.setKeepAlive(true);
mInputStream = socket.getInputStream();
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
writer = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream()), true);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void setOnMessageReceivedListener(OnMessageReceivedListener listener) {
this.messageListener = listener;
}
public void startListening() {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
char[] buffer = new char[1024];
while (true) {
try {
int len = mInputStream.read(buffer);
if (len > 0) {
if (messageListener != null) {
messageListener.onMessageReceived(new String(buffer, 0, len));
}
} else {
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}).start();
}
public interface OnMessageReceivedListener {
void onMessageReceived(String message);
}
}
六、环境配置及权限要求
确保已安装Android Studio。
将手机与电脑连接在同一局域网内，或者手机给电脑开热点。
在手机的“开发者选项”中打开“USB调试”，并通过USB线连接手机和电脑。
在Android Studio中选择“Terminal窗口”或“cmd窗口”，输入命令实现无线连接，具体步骤如下：
adb devices：查看设备号。
adb -s <设备号> tcpip <端口号>或adb tcpip <端口号>：设置TCP/IP端口。
adb connect <手机IP地址:<端口号>：连接设备。
adb disconnect <手机IP地址:<端口号>：断开连接。
2. 所需权限
在应用的清单文件中添加以下权限：
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
1. 服务端代码
package com.example.sockettest;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.Toast;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.*;
public class MyServerSocket {
private static final int PORT = 9999;
private List<Socket> mList = new ArrayList<>();
private ServerSocket server = null;
private ExecutorService mExecutorService = null;
private String receiveMsg;
private String sendMsg;
public MyServerSocket() {
try {
server = new ServerSocket(PORT);
mExecutorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
System.out.println("服务器已启动...");
while (true) {
Socket client = server.accept();
mList.add(client);
mExecutorService.execute(new Service(client));
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
class Service implements Runnable {
private Socket client;
private PrintWriter printWriter;
private BufferedReader bufferedReader;
private String receiveMsg;
private String sendMsg;
private boolean isRunning = true;
public Service(Socket client) {
this.client = client;
try {
printWriter = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(client.getOutputStream()), true);
bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(client.getInputStream()));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (isRunning) {
try {
receiveMsg = bufferedReader.readLine(); // 从客户端接收消息
if (receiveMsg != null) {
System.out.println("收到消息：" + receiveMsg); // 打印收到的消息
sendMsg = "服务器回复：" + receiveMsg; // 构建回复消息
printWriter.println(sendMsg); // 发送回复消息给客户端
} else {
isRunning = false; // 如果收到null，则退出循环
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
try {
client.close(); // 关闭客户端连接
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
mList.remove(client); // 从列表中移除客户端连接
}
}
}
}
2. 客户端代码
package com.example.sockettest;
import android.os.Bundle;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.view.View;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.widget.Toast;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.*;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private EditText editText;
private Button btnSend;
private TextView textView;
private Socket socket;
private PrintWriter printWriter;
private BufferedReader bufferedReader;
private String receiveMsg;
private String sendMsg;
@Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); editText = findViewById(R.id.editText); btnSend = findViewById(R.id.btnSend); textView = findViewById(R.id.textView); btnSend.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { sendMsg = editText.getText().toString(); new SendTask().execute(sendMsg); } }); new ReceiveTask().execute(); } class SendTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, Void> { @Override protected Void doInBackground(String... msgs) { try { if (socket == null) { socket = new Socket("192.168.1.32", 9999); printWriter = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream()), true); } printWriter.println(msgs[0]); return null; } catch (UnknownHostException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } @Override protected void onPostExecute(Void aVoid) { super.onPostExecute(aVoid); } } class ReceiveTask extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void> { @Override protected Void doInBackground(Void... voids) { try { if (bufferedReader == null) { bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream())); } receiveMsg = bufferedReader.readLine(); return null; } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } @Override protected void onProgressUpdate(Void... values) { super.onProgressUpdate(values); } @Override protected void onPostExecute(Void aVoid) { super.onPostExecute(aVoid); if (receiveMsg != null) { textView.setText("服务器回复：" + receiveMsg); } } } }```
小伙伴们，上文介绍了“android开发基于socket通信程序”的内容，你了解清楚吗？希望对你有所帮助，任何问题可以给我留言，让我们下期再见吧。
原创文章，作者：K-seo，如若转载，请注明出处：https://www.kdun.cn/ask/625647.html
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