在Android设备上检测IBeacon热点,可以通过扫描周围的蓝牙低功耗(BLE)设备并解析其广播数据来实现,IBeacon是一种基于BLE技术的室内定位和数据传输协议,广泛应用于商场导航、展览导览等领域,以下是详细的步骤和方法:
一、获得手机蓝牙控制权限
首先需要在应用的manifest文件中声明必要的权限:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/> <!-必须添加,否则不能正常使用此功能 -->
二、检测手机是否支持蓝牙,并获取BluetoothAdapter对象
需要检查设备是否支持BLE技术,并获取BluetoothAdapter对象:
if (!getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_BLUETOOTH_LE)) { Toast.makeText(this, R.string.ble_not_supported, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); finish(); } final BluetoothManager bluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE); mBluetoothAdapter = bluetoothManager.getAdapter(); if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) { Toast.makeText(this, R.string.error_bluetooth_not_supported, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); finish(); return; }
三、实现LeScanCallback回调接口
当设备每次检测到一个蓝牙设备时,会回调这个接口中的onLeScan()方法,并传入扫描到的device,rssi,scanRecord等参数:
private BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback mLeScanCallback = new BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback() { @Override public void onLeScan(final BluetoothDevice device, int rssi, byte[] scanRecord) { // 在这里处理扫描到的参数 // 判断是不是IBeacon设备,做相应的处理。 } };
四、处理扫描到的参数的方法
通过解析scanRecord数组来判断设备是否为IBeacon,IBeacon的广播数据格式中包含特定的标识符,例如02 15,以下是具体的解析方法:
public class iBeaconClass { static public class iBeacon { public String name; public int major; public int minor; public String proximityUuid; public String bluetoothAddress; public int txPower; public int rssi; } /** * 将扫描到的信息传入这个方法 * 该方法会判断扫描到的设备是不是IBeacon * 如果是就返回一个IBeacon对象 * 如果不是就返回null * @param device * @param rssi * @param scanData * @return */ public static iBeacon fromScanData(BluetoothDevice device, int rssi, byte[] scanData) { int startByte = 2; boolean patternFound = false; while (startByte <= 5) { if (((int) scanData[startByte + 2] & 0xff) == 0x02 && ((int) scanData[startByte + 3] & 0xff) == 0x15) { // yes! This is an iBeacon patternFound = true; break; } else if (((int) scanData[startByte] & 0xff) == 0x2d && ((int) scanData[startByte + 1] & 0xff) == 0x24 && ((int) scanData[startByte + 2] & 0xff) == 0xbf && ((int) scanData[startByte + 3] & 0xff) == 0x16) { iBeacon iBeacon = new iBeacon(); iBeacon.major = 0; iBeacon.minor = 0; iBeacon.proximityUuid = "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000"; iBeacon.txPower = -55; return iBeacon; } else if (((int) scanData[startByte] & 0xff) == 0xad && ((int) scanData[startByte + 1] & 0xff) == 0x77 && ((int) scanData[startByte + 2] & 0xff) == 0x00 && ((int) scanData[startByte + 3] & 0xff) == 0xc6) { iBeacon iBeacon = new iBeacon(); iBeacon.major = 0; iBeacon.minor = 0; iBeacon.proximityUuid = "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000"; iBeacon.txPower = -55; return iBeacon; } startByte++; } if (patternFound == false) { // This is not an iBeacon return null; } iBeacon iBeacon = new iBeacon(); iBeacon.major = (scanData[startByte + 20] << 8) + scanData[startByte + 21]; // Major value iBeacon.minor = (scanData[startByte + 22] << 8) + scanData[startByte + 23]; // Minor value iBeacon.proximityUuid = parseUuid(scanData, startByte); iBeacon.bluetoothAddress = device.getAddress(); iBeacon.txPower = (scanData[startByte + 24]); // Calibrated Tx Power field iBeacon.rssi = rssi; return iBeacon; } /** * 解析UUID字段 * @param scanRecord * @param startByte * @return proximityUuid string */ private static String parseUuid(byte[] scanRecord, startByte) { int offset = startByte <= 5 ? 2 : 4; // The offset depends on the mStartByte. StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(); for (int i = startByte; i < startByte + offset; i++) { builder.append(String.format("%02x", scanRecord[i])); } return builder.toString(); } }
五、启动扫描并处理结果
启动蓝牙扫描并处理扫描结果:
mBluetoothAdapter.startLeScan(mLeScanCallback);
相关问题与解答栏目
1、问题:如何在Android应用中动态申请蓝牙权限?
解答:在Android 6.0及以上版本中,需要在运行时动态申请权限,可以使用以下代码来请求蓝牙权限:
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION}, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT); }
在onRequestPermissionsResult
方法中处理用户的选择:
@Override public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, int[] permissions, int[] grantResults) { super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, grantResults); if (requestCode == REQUEST_ENABLE_BT) { if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { // 权限被授予,继续进行蓝牙操作 } else { // 权限被拒绝,提示用户开启权限 Toast.makeText(this, "需要开启蓝牙权限才能继续", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } } }
2、问题:如何处理多个IBeacon设备的情况?
解答:可以在fromScanData
方法中创建一个列表来存储所有检测到的IBeacon设备,并在onLeScan
回调中遍历每个设备,将其添加到列表中,示例如下:
List<iBeacon> iBeacons = new ArrayList<>(); private BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback mLeScanCallback = new BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback() { @Override public void onLeScan(final BluetoothDevice device, int rssi, byte[] scanRecord) { iBeacon beacon = iBeaconClass.fromScanData(device, rssi, scanRecord); if (beacon != null) { iBeacons.add(beacon); // 可以在这里更新UI或者进行其他操作 } } };
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